Chp6.3Civil War- Foreign Interventions

Question 1

When was the armistice agreed between Germany and Russia which ceased fighting on the Eastern Front?

Answer 1

December 1917

Question 2

When was the Treaty of Brest-Litvosk ?

Answer 2

March 1918

Question 3

What was the result of the Treaty of Brest-Litvosk in relation to foreign intervention?

Answer 3

Any help from Britain went to anti-Bolshevik forces

Question 4

after the signing of Brest-Litvosk which ports did British, American and French troops occupy ?

Answer 4

• The ports of Murmansk in the Arctic

- Archangel in the White Sea

Question 5

How long did a large number of countries occupy key areas of European, central and far-eastern Russia?

Answer 5

2 years

Question 6

Why were foreign countries angered by the Bolshevik takeover?

Answer 6

• nationalised foreign companies
• froze all foreign assets in Russia
• declared they had no intention of honouring foreign debts of its predecessors

Question 7

What had David Lloyd George declare about the Bolsheviks before the Treaty of Brest-Litvosk?

Answer 7

that he was neither for nor against Bolsheviks, only antiGerman

Question 8

Which 2 foreign leaders were intent in leading a full offensive against the Bolsheviks after WW1 ended in November 1918?

Answer 8

British cabinet minister Winston Churchill,

Marshal Foch, the French military leader

Question 9

What was the Comintern which foreign powers were afraid of?

Answer 9

Short for the communist international, a body set up in Moscow in March 1919 to organise worldwide revolution

Question 10

Which foreign power took lead in proposing an international campaign against the Reds?

Answer 10

the French

Question 11

What 2 places did British land forces land in 1918?

Answer 11

Transcaucasia in southern Russia and occupied part of central Asia

Question 12

Where did British warships enter?

Answer 12

British warships entered Russian Baltic waters and the Black Sea

Question 13

Who met British warships which entered Russian Baltic waters and the Black sea?

Answer 13

French navel vessels joined them

Question 14

Where did the French establish a major land base?

Answer 14

around the Black Sea port of Odessa

Question 15

Where was the Black Sea port which the French established a major land base?

Answer 15

Odessa

Question 16

In April 1918 where did Japanese troops occupy?

Answer 16

Russia’s far eastern port of Vladivostok

Question 17

When did Japanese troops occupy Russia’s far eastern port of Vladivostok?

Answer 17

April 1918

Question 18

What was the name of the port Japanese troops occupied in Russia’s far eastern port?

Answer 18

Vladivostok

Question 19

How long after the Japanese occupied Russia’s far eastern port of Vladivostok did France, Britain, The USA and Italy join them?

Answer 19

4 months later

Question 20

Which 5 forces crossed into Russia other than France, Britain, USA and Italy?

Answer 20

Czech, Finnish, Lithuanian, Polish and Romanian forces

Question 21

What parts of Russia did Japanese and United States troops occupy in 1919?

Answer 21

parts of Siberia

Question 22

When did Japanese and American troops occupy parts of Siberia?

Answer 22

1919

Question 23

What was the aims of

• British, Ameican, French, Japanese and Italian troops
• Czechoslovakia, Finland, Lithuania, Poland and Romania?

Answer 23

1) Protect individual interests in foreign debts, international communism
2) Gaining independence from Russia

Question 24

Why had foreign interventionists have no stomach for a prolonged campaign?

Answer 24

Due to their 4 long years of struggle against Germany

Question 25

Why in particular did British and French troops cease the offensive against the Bolsheviks?

Answer 25

there was a serious threat of mutinies in some regiments who were ordered to embark for Russia after WW1 had ended

Question 26

Which 3 places did British intervention force the Bolsheviks to recognise as independent?

Answer 26

Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia

Question 27

How did British intervention force the Bolsheviks to recognise Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia as independent?

Answer 27

British warships and troops crushed a Bolshevik invasion and obliged Lenin’s government

Question 28

How long did Lithuania, Estonia and Latvia stay independent?

Answer 28

Until Stalin in 1940

Question 29

Which troops had withdrawn by the end of 1919?

Answer 29

French and American troops

Question 30

Which troops had been withdrawn by 1920?

Answer 30

all western troops had been withdrawn by 1920

Question 31

Which country remained in Russia for the duration of the Civil War?

Answer 31

Japan

Question 32

How ddi Lenin present the withdrawal of foreign intervention as propaganda?

Answer 32

he presented the Bolsheviks as the saviours of the nation from foreign conquest

Question 33

How did the apparent success over Russia’s enemies allow then to recover self esteem?

Answer 33

because of the loss over its 1918 capitulation to Germany

Question 34

What did the failure of foreign intervention encourage the Bolsheviks to do ?

Answer 34

Undertake a war against Poland

Question 35

When did the Red Army march into neighbouring Poland?

Answer 35

1920

Question 36

What did Lenin expect to happen when the Red Army marched into neighbouring Poland?

Answer 36

lenin expected the Polish workers to rise in rebellion against their own government

Question 37

What did the Poles see the invasion from the Red Army as in 1920?

Answer 37

As traditional Russian aggression

Question 38

What was the result of the Poles driving back the Red Army across the border?

Answer 38

Soviet morale was seriously damaged

Question 39

How did Lenin react to the Polish reverse, foreign interventionists and the failure of Communist revolutions in Germany and Hungary?

Answer 39

He adjusted foreign policy to meet the new situation

Question 40

What was Lenin’s new foreign policy?

Answer 40

The Comintern would continue to call for world revolution but Soviet Russia would soften its international attitude