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ANEW-H-Y12Russia > The February/March Revolution 1917 > Flashcards

The February/March Revolution 1917 Flashcards

1
Q

How many demonstrators went on strike in Petrograd on the anniversary of Bloody Sunday in Jan 1917?

A

150,000

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2
Q

On Monday 14th February, how many workers were on strike?

A

c100,000 from 58 different factories

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3
Q

What was the effect of the news that bread would be rationed from 1st March?
(3)

A

round-the-clock queues
violent exchanges
police attacked while trying to keep order

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4
Q

What happened on Wednesday 22nd feb?

2

A

20,000 workers locked out of the Putilov Steel Works by the management after pay talks collapsed
-workers from other strikers went on strike in support

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5
Q

What day was International Women’s day?

A

Thursday 23rd February

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6
Q

How many factories closed on Thursday 23rd February?

A

50

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7
Q

Which people went on strike on Thursday 23rd February?

4

A
  • c90,000 workers
  • women demonstrating on International Women’s day
  • Militant students
  • Women from the bread queues

-c240,000 altogether on the street

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8
Q

What happened on Friday 24th February?

3, technically 6

A
  • c200,000 workers on strike
  • crowds overturned Tsarist statutes
    - Waved red flags
    - Shouted revolutionary slogans for an end to Stardom
    - Sang ‘Le Marseillaise’ (french national Anthem)
  • No political organisation however some distributed banners and emblems of political demands
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9
Q

What happened Saturday 25th February? (6)

A
  • c250,000 people, over half the capitals workforce, on strike
  • No newspapers
  • No public transport
  • band of civilians were killed by soldiers
  • Cossacks refused to attack strikers when ordered
  • Shalfeev killed by masses
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10
Q

What happened to Shalfeev and why on Saturday 25th February?

A

Shalfeev was dragged from his horse, beaten and shot because he was in charge of the mounted police who were trying to control masses

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11
Q

What happened on Sunday 26th February?

A

Duma president Rodzianko sent the Tsar a telegraph warning of the strikers but the Tsar ignored and ordered 4th duma to dissolve following day

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12
Q

On Monday 27th February who did the Tsar order to restore order by military force?

A

Major-General-Khabalov

Commander of the Petrograd Military District

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13
Q

What happened Monday 27th February?

8

A
  • 40 demonstrators were killed by soldiers
  • a mutiny began in the Volynskii regiment where a solider shot his commanding officer dead, this was where the tsar was based.
  • 66,000 soldiers mutinied
  • soldiers armed protesters with 40,000 rifles
  • Prisons opened
  • Provisional Government set up
  • Armys high command gave support to the Duma Committee
  • revolutionaries set up a Soviet which organised food and supplies to the city
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14
Q

What happened Tuesday 28th February?

A

Tsar left Volynskii regiment

  • tsar sent Rodzianko a telegram offering to share power with the Duma
  • Rodianko replied it was too late
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15
Q

Who were the junior officers in the army?

A

young men from middle ranking intellectual class rather than the traditional noble background and their sympathies lay with the masses

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16
Q

Why did many soldiers mutiny?

A

many of the soldiers came from peasant or worker backgrounds

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17
Q

Where were the Bolshevik leaders Lenin &Trotsky at the time of the Feb rev?

A

Lenin - Zurich

Trotsky- New York

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18
Q

When was Order No.1 produced?

A

March 1st 1917

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19
Q

What were the main points of ‘Order No.1’?

5

A
  • All weapons controlled by elected soldiers’ committees, not officers
  • All soldiers to enjoy full citizens rights when off duty
  • No honorific titles to be used for officers
  • Officers were not to address soldiers in the ‘ty’ form which was used to address children and peasants
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20
Q

How many members did the Petrograd Soviet have by 10th March?

A

3000 members

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21
Q

What happened to the Tsar?

A

His train was stopped at Pskov, 200 miles south of his destination
-304 years of Romanov rule came to an end

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22
Q

What happened beyond Petrograd because of the Feb rev?

4

A

revolutionary disturbances spread beyond to the Kronstadt naval base, Moscow and other industrial cities

  • workers seized control of their factories
  • workers set up their own soviets
  • workers deposed (got rid of) their former bosses
  • peasants formed peasant Soviets
  • peasants felled trees illegally
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23
Q

What did the ‘All Russian Congress of Soviets’ which met in Petrograd contain?

A

representatives from 350 towns, villages and military bases throughout Russia

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24
Q

On Monday 14th February 100,000 workers from how many factories were on strike in Petrograd?

A

58

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25
Q

When day was news that bread would be rationed from the 1st March bring about round-the-clock queues?

A

Monday 14th February

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26
Q

What day were 20,000 workers locked out of the Putilov Steel Works?

A

Wednesday 22 February

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27
Q

What national day was Thursday 23rd February?

A

National Women’s Day

28
Q

On Thursday 23rd February on National Women’s Day how many workers went on strike and how many factories were closed?

A

90,000 workers and 50 factories

29
Q

On National Women’s Day on Thursday 23rd February, who joined the traditional march of women from the Petrograd suburbs to the city centre? (3)

A
  • striking workers
  • Militant students
  • women from the bread queues
30
Q

On Thursday 23rd February, International Women’s Day, how many people were out on the street which resulted in the city of Petrograd going to chaos?

A

240,000

31
Q

How many workers were on strike on Friday 24th February?

A

200,000

32
Q

What did the crowds of 200,000 strikers overturn on Friday 24th February?

A

Tsarist statues

33
Q

What song did the strikers sing on Friday 24th February?

A

La Marseillaise

34
Q

How many people were striking in Petrograd on Saturday 25th February?

A

250,000 half the capitals workforce

35
Q

On what day did violence escalate as Shalfeev in charge of the mounted police tried to control the masses?

A

Saturday 25th February

36
Q

What happened to Shalfeev who was in charge of the mounted police and tried to control the masses on Saturday 25th February?

A

He was dragged from his horse, beaten and shot

37
Q

Where were a band of civilians killed by soldiers on Saturday 25th February?

A

Nevskii Prospekt

38
Q

What did Cossacks do on the Saturday 25th February?

A

Cossacks refused to attack a procession of strikers when ordered to do so

39
Q

Who was the Duma president in February 1917?

A

Rodzianko

40
Q

On what day did Rozianko, Duma president send the Tsar a telegram warning him of the serious situation in Petrograd?

A

Sunday 26th February

41
Q

What did the Tsar do after Rodzianko the Duma president sent him a telegram warning him of the serious situation in Petrograd?

A

he ordered the Duma to dissolve and ignored his warning

42
Q

In February who was the Commander of the Petrograd Military District?

A

General Khabalov

43
Q

On what day did the Tsar order General Khabalov the Commander of the Petrograd Military District to do?

A

to restore order by military force

44
Q

Under the order of the Tsar what did General Khabalov Commander of the Petrograd Military do on Monday 27th February?

A

He ordered soldiers onto the streets and around 40 demonstrators in the city were killed

45
Q

On Monday 27th February in which regiment did a mutiny begin where a sergeant shot his commanding officer dead?

A

in the Volynskii regiment

46
Q

How may soldiers mutinied and joined the protestors arming them with 40,000 rifles?

A

60,000

47
Q

How many rifles did the 60,000 soldiers who mutinied give the protestors?

A

40,000

48
Q

On what day were police headquarters attacked and prisons opened?

A

Monday 27th February

49
Q

What did the Duma set up against the Tsar’s orders on Monday 27th February?

A

a 12 man Provisional Committee to take over the government

50
Q

What happened to the army’s High Command which had already ordered troops to march to the capital to restore stability on Monday 27th Feb?

A

They changed their minds and ordered them to halt and give support to the Duma Committee

51
Q

Why did many soldiers mutiny?

A

as most were from a peasant or worker background

52
Q

Which two people were already planning a coup to topple the Tsar before the events of February 1917?

A

Alexsandr Konovalov and Milkhail Tereshchenko

53
Q

What did the Petrograd Soviet agree to under pressure from the soldiers and from mutineers at the Kronstadt naval base?

A

that each regiment should elect committees and send representatives to the Soviet

54
Q

What was Order No.1?

A

a charter of soldiers rights

55
Q

What was Order No.1 produced?

A

1st March 1917

56
Q

Under the promises of Order No.1 what had to be obeyed if it agreed with the Soviet’s orders?

A

the Military Commission of the Duma

57
Q

Under the promises of Order No.1 who were all weapons to be controlled by?

A

elected soldiers’ committees, not officers

58
Q

Under promise of Order No.1 what rights were given to all soldiers when off duty ?

A

full citizen rights when off duty

59
Q

What did the Petrograd Soviet take the official title of?

A

“Soviet of Workers and Soliders’”

60
Q

How many members were in the Petrograd Soviet by 10th March?

A

3,000

61
Q

Because the Petrograd Soviet was so large, where was most of its work done?

A

by the executive committee

62
Q

Who dominated the executive committee which dealt with most of the work of the Petrograd Soviet?

A

socialist intellectuals including Alexsandr Kerensky

63
Q

Where was the Tsar’s train diverse by rebellious railway workers to?

A

To Pskov, 200 miles South of his destination

64
Q

Who put pressure on the Tsar to resign?

A

Chief of General Staff

65
Q

What was the agreement made by the Petrograd Soviet on the 1st March for the Tsar?

A

That the Petrograd Soviet would recognise a provisional government formed by members of the Duma and suggested that the Tsar resign in favour of his son with Mikhail acting as regent

ANEW-H-Y12Russia (44 decks)

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