The Kronstadt Rising 1921

Question 1

Who were the Kronstadt sailors?

Answer 1

Taken part in the October/November revolution and had fought for the Reds during the Civil War

Question 2

What did Lenin claim that the Kronstadt revolt was?

Answer 2

‘the flash which lit up reality better than anything else”

Question 3

What caused further strikes and riots in 1921

Answer 3

• the food crisis of 1921

- reduction of a third in the bread ration in Moscow and Petrograd

Question 4

What did the workers protest against and who did they show support for in 1921?

Answer 4

• against a lack of union representation in factories

- supported other socialist parties

Question 5

When was martial law declared?

Answer 5

January 1921

Question 6

Who was used to crush riots and demonstrations when some regular soldiers refused to take action in 1921?

Answer 6

the Cheka

Question 7

How many sailors stationed in Kronstadt naval base rebelled?

Answer 7

30,000

Question 8

When did the Kronstadt sailors send a manifesto to Lenin demanding an end to one-party communist rule?

Answer 8

March 1921

Question 9

In the Kronstadt sailors manifesto sent to Lenin in March 1921, what did they demand? (3)

Answer 9

• an end to one-party communist rule
• genuine democracy
• civil rights

Question 10

What was the slogan used by the Kronstadt sailors?

Answer 10

‘Soviets without Bolsheviks’

Question 11

At the time of the Kronstadt uprising, who led the Red Army?

Answer 11

Marshal Tukhackevsky

Question 12

Where was Marshal Tukhackesky sent by Trotsky ?

Answer 12

five miles across the ice to crush the rebels

Question 13

As well as the Red Army who under Marshal Tukhackevsky were sent my Trotsky five miles across the ice to crush the rebels, who else were they supported by ?

Answer 13

by an artillery force on land and Cheka men to the rear in case any solider tried to desert

Question 14

What happened to the ring leaders of the Kronstadt revolt?

Answer 14

they were shot

Question 15

How many rebels were taken prisoner ?

Answer 15

15,000 rebels

Question 16

where were most rebels taken?

Answer 16

to a labour camp on the White Sea

Question 17

What did Lenin denounce the sailors as ?

Answer 17

‘White Traitors’

Question 18

Who set up the ‘Workers’ Opposition’ group’?

Answer 18

Alexandra Kollontai

Question 19

What did the ‘Workers’ Opposition’ group set up by Alexandra Kollontai argue for? (3)

Answer 19

• greater worker control
• removal of managers
• removal of military discipline in factories

Question 20

Why did the Workers Opposition group set up by Alexandra Kollontai object to State appointed trade union leaders?

Answer 20

as this effectively made them tools of the regime

Question 21

What did Petrechenko, a spokesman for that demonstrators, denounce commissars at a public meeting as?

Answer 21

denounced them as true communists

Question 22

When did the sailors and workers elected Petrechenko as chairman of a 15 man revolutionary committee ?

Answer 22

early in march

Question 23

Who did the sailors and workers elect as chairman of a 15 man revolutionary committee in early march 1921?

Answer 23

Petrechenko

Question 24

How many Red Army troops stormed the Kronstadt base?

Answer 24

60,000

Question 25

How did Lenin justify the Kronstadt rising?

Answer 25

he blamed the rising as the work of bourgeoisie enemies of the October Rising

Question 26

When and where did Lenin declare that the Kronstadt rising had “lit up reality like a lighting flash’?

Answer 26

March 1921 at the 10th Conference of the Communist Party