CHP3.2-July Days+Kornilov Coup+Role of the PG Flashcards
What happened at the Kronstadt naval base in July 1917?
the sailors organised their own armed demonstration using Bolshevik slogans
How was Lenin put in a difficult position by the Kronstadt naval base demonstrations?
-he knew that a premature revolution risked defeat and therefore could neither give full support or condemn their actions
What happened at the Kronstadt naval base demonstrations which threatened Lenin’s credibility?
Shots were fired at the demonstrators causing chaos and uncontrolled rioting at what Lenin had tried to make a peaceful procession
What did the PG do to crush the July demonstrations?
PG brought in reinforcements to crush the demonstrators
What was the Bolsheviks role in controlling the demonstrations?
(2)
- helped force the demonstrators out of the Peter and Paul Fortress which they had seized
- Played part in negotiating the disarming and arrest of the sailors
Who were blamed for the ‘July Days’?
the Bolsheviks
What happened as a result of the Bolshevik blame for the ‘July Days’?
(3)
- Bolshevik newspaper ‘Pravda’ (The Truth’) was closed
- warrants for Bolshevik leaders were made
- Bolshevik propaganda burned
Which Bolshevik newspaper denounced the work of Lenin for being in pay with the Germans?
Izvestia (news)
How could it be seen that Lenin was not the cause of the July Days?
-Lenin was on holiday when the rioting broke out
Who led a major offensive at war in Galicia in June 1917 in the hope of rallying the nation?
Brusilov
What happened in the June offensive?
The Russian advance was beaten back with heavy losses
-desertions escalated and anti-war sentiment grew so strong that Brusilov had to be replaced as Commander-In-Chief
Who did Kerensky order to replace Brusilov as Commander-in-cheif after the failure of the June Offensive in Galicia in 1917?
General Kornilov
What was General Kornilov’s aim?
To restore discipline within the army
What happened at Kerensky’s Moscow State Conference?
the Bolsheviks, Mensheviks and SR’s spoke out against Kornilov’s measures
Who in Russia supported General Kornilov regarding him as their saviour
(3)
- landowners
- businessmen
- Milyukov and the Kadets
What were the problems faced by the PG in the summer of 1917?
(2)
- Food supplies were chaotic
- although government granted an 8 hour day, real wages fell rapidly as prices rose
By October 1917, what were the prices in % above pre-war levels?
prices were c755 % above pre war levels
How were factory Soviets made useless in August 1917?
- the right for factory owners to dismiss workers who went on strike were confirmed
- Meetings of factory soviets during working hours were forbidden
When was the electoral commission established and what did this promise?
in May 1917 promised to arrange the elections for November
What did Kornilov order at the end of August?
he ordered 6 regiments of troops to march on Petrograd to establish a military dictatorship
What did Kerensky do in retaliation to Kornilovs efforts?
Released imprisoned Bolsheviks who had the confidence of the working class and armed them with weapons from the governments armouries to halt Kornilovs advance
How did the Bolsheviks organise the Petrograd Red Guards after the Kornilov coup?
they created a more efficient paramilitary unit out of the various militia groups attached to factories that had been set up to defend workers interests in March and April
How much did Bolshevik membership rise from February to the beginning of October?
Feb- 23,000
Oct-200,000
At the beginning of October, how successful was the Bolshevik party?
(3)
- 200,000 members
- 41 newspapers
- commanded a force of 10,000 Red Guards
Who won a majority in Petrograd and Moscow Soviets in September?
Bolsheviks
When did Trotsky become Chairman of the executive committee of the Petrograd Soviet?
September 1917
In Sep, what position did Trotsky fill?
Chairman of the executive committee of the Petrograd Soviet
What did Kerensky do on the 5th October 1917?
Sent some of the more radical amy units out of Petrograd to prepare for front line service
Because of Kerensky moving army units out of Petrograd, what did this leave the capital to believe?
That Kerensky was abandoning the capital to allow it to fall to the Germans
What did Trotsky suggest to create as a resolution to Kerensky’s actions on the 9th October?
to create a ‘military revolutionary centre’ to protect the city from attacks being prepared by ‘civil Kornilovites’
Why could Lenin neither condemn the Kronstadt uprising nor give it full support?
as he agreed with their rising however knew a premature revolution risked defeat
Which two political parties supported the Provisional Government?
Mensheviks and SRs
Where did the Bolsheviks help the PG force the demonstrators out of?
the Peter and Paul Fortress which they had seized
Which 2 members were able to flee from the arrest of Bolsheviks following the July Days?
Stalin and Lenin
Which 2 members were imprisoned from the arrest of Bolsheviks following the July Days
Trotsky and Kamenev
Why did Lenin’s reputation fall after the blame of Bolsheviks for the July Days?
as he fled whilst other Bolsheviks were imprisoned
When did Kerensky replace Prince Lvov as Prime Minister?
July 1917
between February and June, by how much did grain prices increase in Petrograd?
they doubled
How many factories closed with the loss of 100,000 jobs as a result of a lack of resources?
586
How many jobs were lost with the closure of 586 factories as a result of a lack of resources?
100,000
Where did Brusilov launch a major offensive in the hope of rallying the nation in June 1917?
Galicia
How did General Kornilovs succession as Commander-in-chief begin?
this began with reinstating the death penalty
Why did landowners and business men see Kornilov as their saviour?
as the felt that the PG had done little to protect their land, property and interests
Why did Milyukov and the Kadets support General Kornilov?
they felt that a military takeover by Kornilov would be preferable to a Socialist regime
How did the PG lose support from the countryside ? (2)
- failure to re distribute land
- continuation of war
At the end of August how many troops did General Kornilov order to march on Petrograd to crush the Soviet and establish military dictatorship?
6 regiments of troops
How did the Kornilov coup end?
Their supply lines were cut and the coup leaders were arrested
Who were the main beneficiaries of the Kornilov coup?
the Bolsheviks
When were various militia groups attached to factories set up to defend workers’ interests which the Bolsheviks created into a more efficient paramilitary unit?
March and April
How did the Bolsheviks use the Kornilov coup to their advantage?
They basked in the reputation of being the only group to have opposed Kornilov
Where did Lenin send orders from urging his followers to keep up the pressure?
Finland
Where were Bolsheviks elected in increasing numbers?
throughout urban Russia
At the beginning of October how many newspapers were the Bolsheviks producing?
41
By October an army of how many Red Guards were under Bolshevik control?
10,000
