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ANEW-H-Y12Russia > CHP3.2-July Days+Kornilov Coup+Role of the PG > Flashcards

CHP3.2-July Days+Kornilov Coup+Role of the PG Flashcards

1
Q

What happened at the Kronstadt naval base in July 1917?

A

the sailors organised their own armed demonstration using Bolshevik slogans

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2
Q

How was Lenin put in a difficult position by the Kronstadt naval base demonstrations?

A

-he knew that a premature revolution risked defeat and therefore could neither give full support or condemn their actions

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3
Q

What happened at the Kronstadt naval base demonstrations which threatened Lenin’s credibility?

A

Shots were fired at the demonstrators causing chaos and uncontrolled rioting at what Lenin had tried to make a peaceful procession

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4
Q

What did the PG do to crush the July demonstrations?

A

PG brought in reinforcements to crush the demonstrators

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5
Q

What was the Bolsheviks role in controlling the demonstrations?
(2)

A
  • helped force the demonstrators out of the Peter and Paul Fortress which they had seized
  • Played part in negotiating the disarming and arrest of the sailors
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6
Q

Who were blamed for the ‘July Days’?

A

the Bolsheviks

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7
Q

What happened as a result of the Bolshevik blame for the ‘July Days’?
(3)

A
  • Bolshevik newspaper ‘Pravda’ (The Truth’) was closed
  • warrants for Bolshevik leaders were made
  • Bolshevik propaganda burned
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8
Q

Which Bolshevik newspaper denounced the work of Lenin for being in pay with the Germans?

A

Izvestia (news)

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9
Q

How could it be seen that Lenin was not the cause of the July Days?

A

-Lenin was on holiday when the rioting broke out

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10
Q

Who led a major offensive at war in Galicia in June 1917 in the hope of rallying the nation?

A

Brusilov

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11
Q

What happened in the June offensive?

A

The Russian advance was beaten back with heavy losses

-desertions escalated and anti-war sentiment grew so strong that Brusilov had to be replaced as Commander-In-Chief

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12
Q

Who did Kerensky order to replace Brusilov as Commander-in-cheif after the failure of the June Offensive in Galicia in 1917?

A

General Kornilov

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13
Q

What was General Kornilov’s aim?

A

To restore discipline within the army

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14
Q

What happened at Kerensky’s Moscow State Conference?

A

the Bolsheviks, Mensheviks and SR’s spoke out against Kornilov’s measures

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15
Q

Who in Russia supported General Kornilov regarding him as their saviour
(3)

A
  • landowners
  • businessmen
  • Milyukov and the Kadets
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16
Q

What were the problems faced by the PG in the summer of 1917?
(2)

A
  • Food supplies were chaotic

- although government granted an 8 hour day, real wages fell rapidly as prices rose

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17
Q

By October 1917, what were the prices in % above pre-war levels?

A

prices were c755 % above pre war levels

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18
Q

How were factory Soviets made useless in August 1917?

A
  • the right for factory owners to dismiss workers who went on strike were confirmed
  • Meetings of factory soviets during working hours were forbidden
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19
Q

When was the electoral commission established and what did this promise?

A

in May 1917 promised to arrange the elections for November

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20
Q

What did Kornilov order at the end of August?

A

he ordered 6 regiments of troops to march on Petrograd to establish a military dictatorship

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21
Q

What did Kerensky do in retaliation to Kornilovs efforts?

A

Released imprisoned Bolsheviks who had the confidence of the working class and armed them with weapons from the governments armouries to halt Kornilovs advance

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22
Q

How did the Bolsheviks organise the Petrograd Red Guards after the Kornilov coup?

A

they created a more efficient paramilitary unit out of the various militia groups attached to factories that had been set up to defend workers interests in March and April

23
Q

How much did Bolshevik membership rise from February to the beginning of October?

A

Feb- 23,000

Oct-200,000

24
Q

At the beginning of October, how successful was the Bolshevik party?
(3)

A
  • 200,000 members
  • 41 newspapers
  • commanded a force of 10,000 Red Guards
25
Q

Who won a majority in Petrograd and Moscow Soviets in September?

A

Bolsheviks

26
Q

When did Trotsky become Chairman of the executive committee of the Petrograd Soviet?

A

September 1917

27
Q

In Sep, what position did Trotsky fill?

A

Chairman of the executive committee of the Petrograd Soviet

28
Q

What did Kerensky do on the 5th October 1917?

A

Sent some of the more radical amy units out of Petrograd to prepare for front line service

29
Q

Because of Kerensky moving army units out of Petrograd, what did this leave the capital to believe?

A

That Kerensky was abandoning the capital to allow it to fall to the Germans

30
Q

What did Trotsky suggest to create as a resolution to Kerensky’s actions on the 9th October?

A

to create a ‘military revolutionary centre’ to protect the city from attacks being prepared by ‘civil Kornilovites’

31
Q

Why could Lenin neither condemn the Kronstadt uprising nor give it full support?

A

as he agreed with their rising however knew a premature revolution risked defeat

32
Q

Which two political parties supported the Provisional Government?

A

Mensheviks and SRs

33
Q

Where did the Bolsheviks help the PG force the demonstrators out of?

A

the Peter and Paul Fortress which they had seized

34
Q

Which 2 members were able to flee from the arrest of Bolsheviks following the July Days?

A

Stalin and Lenin

35
Q

Which 2 members were imprisoned from the arrest of Bolsheviks following the July Days

A

Trotsky and Kamenev

36
Q

Why did Lenin’s reputation fall after the blame of Bolsheviks for the July Days?

A

as he fled whilst other Bolsheviks were imprisoned

37
Q

When did Kerensky replace Prince Lvov as Prime Minister?

A

July 1917

38
Q

between February and June, by how much did grain prices increase in Petrograd?

A

they doubled

39
Q

How many factories closed with the loss of 100,000 jobs as a result of a lack of resources?

A

586

40
Q

How many jobs were lost with the closure of 586 factories as a result of a lack of resources?

A

100,000

41
Q

Where did Brusilov launch a major offensive in the hope of rallying the nation in June 1917?

A

Galicia

42
Q

How did General Kornilovs succession as Commander-in-chief begin?

A

this began with reinstating the death penalty

43
Q

Why did landowners and business men see Kornilov as their saviour?

A

as the felt that the PG had done little to protect their land, property and interests

44
Q

Why did Milyukov and the Kadets support General Kornilov?

A

they felt that a military takeover by Kornilov would be preferable to a Socialist regime

45
Q

How did the PG lose support from the countryside ? (2)

A
  • failure to re distribute land

- continuation of war

46
Q

At the end of August how many troops did General Kornilov order to march on Petrograd to crush the Soviet and establish military dictatorship?

A

6 regiments of troops

47
Q

How did the Kornilov coup end?

A

Their supply lines were cut and the coup leaders were arrested

48
Q

Who were the main beneficiaries of the Kornilov coup?

A

the Bolsheviks

49
Q

When were various militia groups attached to factories set up to defend workers’ interests which the Bolsheviks created into a more efficient paramilitary unit?

A

March and April

50
Q

How did the Bolsheviks use the Kornilov coup to their advantage?

A

They basked in the reputation of being the only group to have opposed Kornilov

51
Q

Where did Lenin send orders from urging his followers to keep up the pressure?

A

Finland

52
Q

Where were Bolsheviks elected in increasing numbers?

A

throughout urban Russia

53
Q

At the beginning of October how many newspapers were the Bolsheviks producing?

A

41

54
Q

By October an army of how many Red Guards were under Bolshevik control?

A

10,000

ANEW-H-Y12Russia (44 decks)

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