Dual Authority

Question 1

Who gave power to the Dual Authority?

Answer 1

General Duke Mikhail relinquished political authority to a hastily convened Provisional Government

Question 2

Who, at first, governed the Provisional Government?

Answer 2

Prince Lvov, a wealthy aristocrat and zemstvo leader

Question 3

Who did the Provisional Government consist of?

Answer 3

cross section of the influential elites who had formerly favoured the constitutional monarchy

• Liberals
• Moderate socialists
• Kadets

Question 4

What did the Provisional Government promise which would draw up a new constitution for Russia ?

Answer 4

that there would be a new Constituent Assembly election

Question 5

Who accepted the Provisional Government as being legitimate? (4)

Answer 5

• Mikhail
• old Tsarist civil service
• army officers
• police

Question 6

Where was the Provisional Government set up?

Answer 6

The right wing of the Tauride Palace in Petrograd

Question 7

What did the mass of workers, soldiers and peasants regard the Provisional Government as?

Answer 7

a self-appointed committee of wealthy aristocrats tainted by their previous associations to Stardom

Question 8

Where was the Petrograd Soviet established?

Answer 8

In the left wing of the Tauride Palace

Question 9

Who was included in the Petrograd Soviet? (4)

Answer 9

• Mensheviks
• Social Revolutionaries
• radical socialist intellectuals
• small number of Bolsheviks

Question 10

In the Petrograd Soviet, how many of the executive committee members were actually workers themselves out of how many?

Answer 10

7 out 42

Question 11

Who was the only member of both the PG & PS?

Answer 11

Alexander Kerensky

Question 12

What was the Dual Authority also known as in Russian?

Answer 12

dvoevlastie

Question 13

What did the Soviets make no attempt to demand from the PG?-

Answer 13

• land redistribution

- nationalisation of industry

Question 14

What did the PS accept the PG’s promises of ?

8

Answer 14

• general amnesty for all political prisoners
• civil liberties
• abolition of legal disabilities based on class, religion and nationality
• freedom to organise trade unions and to strike
• election of a Constituent Assembly
• Abolished death penalty at the front
• freedom of religion
• freedom of press

Question 15

What did the PG replace the tsarist police force with ?

Answer 15

a ‘peoples militia’

Question 16

What did ‘Order No.1 mean’?

Answer 16

-that soldiers and workers should obey the PG but only when the Soviet agreed with the PG

Question 17

How is it evident that the PG and PS conflicted on areas such as peasants and workers?

Answer 17

the PS encouraged peasants and workers to defy authority and assert their ‘rights’

Question 18

What was the PG and PS view on war?

Answer 18

PG- wanted to have an all out effort to win the war

PS- wanted to end the war ‘without annexation’ of territory by the Germans as the price of peace

Question 19

Who made the speech announcing that Russia would continue in the war in April 1917 until a ‘just peace’ had been won?

Answer 19

Milyukov

Question 20

Who had to resign in May as a result of the popular discontent from the speech in April 1917 that announced Russia would be continuing in war until a ‘just peace’ had been won?

Answer 20

• Milyukov

- Guchkov

Question 21

Who led the protest which forced Milyukov and Guchkov to resign in May 1917 as a result of the war speech in April 1917 ?

Answer 21

• Public

- Led by the PS

Question 22

Who replaced Milyukov and Guchkov?

Answer 22

Socialists from the Soviet

• Viktor Chernov
• Alexander Kerensky
• • 2 more Mensheviks were added to the cabinet

Question 23

What was the role of

• Viktor Chernov
• Alexander Kerensky ?

Answer 23

Viktor Chernov- Minister of Agriculture

Alexander Kerensky- Minister of War

Question 24

When did Kerensky replace Prince Lvov as Chairmain ?

Answer 24

July 1917

Question 25

Why were the PG trapped in their decision regarding the war?

2

Answer 25

• Felt bound by their alliance to Britain and France

- Relied on French loans for survival

Question 26

Why did the PG postpone elections for a new Constituent Assembly?
(2)

Answer 26

i) They knew that the SR’s would win support from peasants

ii) and by June the Bolsheviks would control the workers votes in the cities who were against the war

Question 27

Who did the workers, soldiers and peasants regard as more democratic than the Provisional Government?

Answer 27

the Petrograd Soviet

Question 28

Why did the executive committee claimed to be directly democratic even though on 7 of the 42 committee members were workers themselves?

Answer 28

as its members were elected by various lesser St Petersburg soviets

Question 29

What was Alexander Kerensky able to do as the only member of both the PG and the PS?

Answer 29

he was able to reach an agreement between them both

Question 30

What did the agreement for the PS and PG to work together lay down the foundation of?

Answer 30

for the “Dual Authority” or dvoevlastie

Question 31

Who did the PG dismiss?

Answer 31

Provincial Governors

Question 32

When the PG dismissed Provincial Governors who did they give their work to?

Answer 32

to the elected zemstva

Question 33

Why did little get done under the PG such as land redistribution to the peasants?

Answer 33

as they had sad that key policy changes should await a Constituent Assembly however they continued to postpone elections from fear of losing

Question 34

Why did the PS offer no alternative leadership to the PG?

Answer 34

as they believed their main task was to protect the rights of workers and peasants