The present subjunctive Flashcards
what is the subjunctive?
a MOON, not a tense - refers to an opinion or hypothetical actions
three main uses: wish, emotion, doubt
How do you make the present subjunctive?
subjunctive endings to verb stem
je -e tu -es il/elle/on -e nous -ions vous -iez ils/elles -ent
I think (present subjunctive)
je pense
you think (present subjunctive)
tu parles
one thinks (present subjunctive)
on pense
we think (present subjunctive)
nous pensions
you think - formal (present subjunctive)
vous pensiez
they think (present subjunctive)
ils/elles pensent
I say (present subjunctive)
je dise
you say (present subjunctive)
tu dises
he/she/one says (present subjunctive)
il/elle dise
they say (present subjunctive)
ils/elles disent
we say (present subjunctive)
nous disions
you say (present subjunctive)
vous disiez
I put (present subjunctive)
je mette
you put (present subjunctive)
tu mettes
he/she/one puts (present subjunctive)
il/elle mette
we put (present subjunctive)
nous mettions
you put - formal (present subjunctive)
vous mettiez
they put (present subjunctive)
ils/elles mettent
I am (present subjunctive)
je sois
you are (present subjunctive)
tu sois
he/she/one is (present subjunctive)
il/elle/on soit
we are (present subjunctive)
nous osyons
you are - formal (present subjunctive)
vous soyez
they are (present subjunctive)
ils/elles soient
I have (present subjunctive)
j’aie
you have (present subjunctive)
tu aies
he/she has (present subjunctive)
il/elle/on ait
we have (present subjunctive)
nous ayons
you have (present subjunctive)
vous ayez
ils/elles aient (present subjunctive)
they have
I can (present subjunctive)
je puisse
you can (present subjunctive
tu puisses
he, she, one can (present subjunctive)
il/elle/on puisse
we can (present subjunctive)
nous puissions
you can - fomal (present subjunctive)
vous puissiez
they can (present subjunctive)
ils/elles puissent
I know (present subjunctive)
je sache
you know (present subjunctive)
tu saches
he/she/one knows (present subjunctive)
il/elle/on sache
we know (present subjunctive)
nous sachions
you know -formal (present subjunctive)
vous sachiez
they know(present subjunctive)
ils/elles sachent
I do (present subjunctive)
je fasse
you do (present subjunctive)
tu fasses
he/she/one does (present subjunctive)
il/elle/on fasse
we do (present subjunctive)
nous fassions
you do - formal (present subjunctive)
vous fassiez
they do (present subjunctive)
ils/elles fassent
I go (present subjunctive)
j’aille
you go (present subjunctive)
tu ailles
he/she/one goes (present subjunctive)
il/elle/on aille
we go - (present subjunctive)
nous allions
you go - formal (present subjunctive)
vous alliez
they go (present subjunctive)
ils/elles aillent
I want (present subjunctive)
je veuille
you want (present subjunctive)
tu veuilles
he/she wants (present subjunctive)
il/elle veuille
we want (present subjunctive)
nous voulions
you want- formal (present subjunctive)
vous vouliez
they want (present subjunctive)
ils/elles veuillent
when there are 2 clauses, how is subjunctive used?
used when the subject of the main clause is differnet form the subject of the dependent clause, when expressing wish and/or desire
eg je veux que tu achètes cet ordinateur
you want us to take a computer science course
dependent subject is subjunctive
vous désirez que nous suivons un cours d’informatique
she wishes you would go to France (dependent subject is subjunctive)
elle souhaite que tu ailles en France
he is asking us to be more efficient (dependent subject is subjunctive)
il demande que nous soyons plus effiaces
when is the subject used in cases of emotion?
the subjunctive is used AFTER expressions of emotion
eg je regrette qu’il ne puisse pas être ici
he is sorry he can’t be here
je regrette qu’il ne puisse pas être ici
we are delighted that you are taking your holidays here
nous sommes quis tu tu prennes tes vacances ici
He asks that we are more efficient
il demand que nous soyons plus efficaces
I am happy that you are coming on Sunday
je suis content que tu viennes dimanche
they are disappointed that teh classe is cancelled
ils sont déçus que le cours soit annulé
when is the subunctive used in cases of uncertainty?
the verb AFTER the affirmative verb
eg je doute qu’il comprenne vos questions
I am not convinced he is right
je ne suis pas convaincu qu’il ait raison
I doubt he understands your questions
je doute qu’il comprenne vos questions
she does not think that you (form) their project interesting
elle ne croit pas que vous trouviez leur projet intéressant
I doubt he knows what he is doing
je ne pense pas qu’il sache qu’il fait
what is the difference between
je ne crois pas que Daniel est coupable
je ne crois pas que Daniel soit coupable (subj)
the first implies “I am sure that Daniel is innocent”; the second (subjunctive) implies greater uncertainty
