Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy > The pectoral Girdle, Shoulder and Axilla and The Arm and Brachial plexus (MSK) > Flashcards

The pectoral Girdle, Shoulder and Axilla and The Arm and Brachial plexus (MSK) Flashcards

1
Q

What are the four regions of the Upper limb?

A
  1. The pectoral Girdle
    2.The arm
  2. The forearm
    4.The hand
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What does the Pectoral Girdle describe?

A

The clavicle, scapula and muscles attached to these bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Where is the Arm? What is the main bone called?

A

Region between the shoulder and elbow joints
Humerus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Where is the forearm between? What are the two bones called? What muscular compartments does it contain?

A

Elbow and wrist joint
Radius and Ulna
Anterior and Posterior muscular compartments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Where is the hand located in terms of the wrist? What are the anterior and posterior parts of it called respectively?

A

Distal to the wrist
Palm- Anteriorly
Dorsum- Posteriorly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What joint is the shoulder joint? What type of joint is it? Between the Articulation between what?

A

Glenohumeral joint
Synovial ball and socket joint
Articulation of Scapula and Proximal humerus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What does the Elbow joint allow us to do? What type of joint is it? What is it formed by the articulation of?

A

Flexion and extension of forearm
Synovial hinge joint
Humerus with the Ulna and radius

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What Joints allow Pronation and supination of the forearm and hand? What is the joint between?

A

Proximal and Distal Radioulnar joints
Radius and Ulnar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the wrist joint also known as? What is it formed between? What 4 movements does it allow?

A

Radiocarpal joint
Distal radius and two of the carpal bones
Flexion, extension, abduction and adduction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Name structures a-h

A

a- Scapula
b- Glenohumeral joint
c- Humerus
d-Elbow joint
e- Ulna
f- Radius
g-Carpal Bones
h- Metacarpals and Phalanges

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the 5 movements of the Scapula?

A
  1. Protraction (Move anteriorly)
  2. Retraction (Move posteriorly)
  3. Elevation (Shrug)
    4.Depression
  4. Rotation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the 7 movements of the Shoulder joint?

A
  1. Flexion
  2. Extension
  3. Abduction
  4. Adduction
  5. Internal rotation
  6. External rotation
  7. Circumduction
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are two movements of the elbow joints?

A

Flexion and Extension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Two movements of the Radioulnar joints?

A

Pronation and Supination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

WHat are four movements of the wrist joints?

A

Flexion, extension, abduction and adduction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the 4 movements of the finger and thumb?

A

Flexion, extension, adduction and abduction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What two bones does the clavicle articulate with respectively? What are the names of the joints?

A

Sternum and Acromion of Scapula
Sternoclavicular joint and Acromioclavicular joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Name structures a-e

A

a- Sterno-clavicular joint
b- Manubrium
c- Proximal clavicle
d- Sternum
e- First rib

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Name structures f-i

A

f-Acromion process of scapula
g-Acromio-clavicular joint
h-Distal clavicle
i-Humerus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Name structures a-d

A

a- Spine of scapula
b- Acromion process
c- Supraglenoid tubercle
d- Coracoid process

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Name structures e-i

A

e- Glenoid fossa
f- Supraspinous fossa
g- Infraglenoid tubercle
h- Infraspinous fossa
i- Subscapular fossa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What part of the Scapular articulates with the Clavicle? What is this an extension of?

A

Acromion process
Extension of the spine of the scapula

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What does the Scapula, Clavicle and attached muscles comprise?

A

Pectoral girdle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Which part of the Scapular articulated with the Proximal humerus? What is superior and inferior to it?

A

Glenoid fossa (Lateral aspect of scapula)
Supraglenoid and Infraglenoid tubercles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What part of the Humerus Articulates with the Glenoid fossa (of scapula)? What groove is immediately distal to it?

A

Head of Humerus
Anatomical neck immediately distal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Name structures a-d

A

a- Lateral Epicondyle
b- Medial epicondyle
c- Shaft
d- Surgical neck

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Name structure e-h

A

e-Bicipital groove
f- Greater tubercle
g- Anatomical neck
h- Head

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What are the lesser and greater tubercles of the Humerus important for? What is the surgical neck important for?

A

Muscle articulations
Thin- easily fractured

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What is the protuberance called at the upper lateral aspect of the humeral shaft called? Why is it important? What is the groove called in the posterior aspect of the humeral shaft? What runs through it?

A

Deltoid tuberosity
Deltoid muscle attaches
Radial groove
Radial nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What is the key muscle involved in protraction of the Scapula?

A

Serratus anterior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Name muscles of the posterior pectoral girdle a-e

A

a- Rhomboid major
b- Rhomboid minor
c- Supraspinatus
d- Levator Scapulae
e- Splenius capitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Name structures f-k

A

f- Trapezius
g- Spine of the Scapula
h- Deltoid
i- Infraspinatus
j- Teres major
k- Latissimus dorsi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What are the two large and superficial muscles of the Posterior Pectoral girdle?

A

Trapezius and Latissimus dorsi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What do all these muscles (in red) connect? Except which muscle? What does this muscle connect?

A

Scapula to the vertebral column
Latissimus dorsi
Humerus and vertebral column

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What are the three deeper muscles that connect the Medial border of the Scapula to the Vertebra column?

A

Levator Scapulae
Rhomboid major
Rhomboid minor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

What movements of the Scapula does the Trapezius cause? What do its upper, middle and lower parts cause the scapula to do?

A

Rotation
Upper- Elevation
Middle- Retraction
Lower- Depression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

What does the Latissimus dorsi do to the Humerus?

A

Extends, adducts and medially rotates the humerus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

What do the Levator scapular, Rhomboid major and Rhomboid minor do to the Scapula respectively?

A

Elevates (Levator scapulae)
Retracts ( Rhomboid major and minor)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Name a and b

A

a- Skull, cervical and thoracic vertebrae
b- Clavicle and scapula

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Name c and d

A

c- Lower thoracic vertebrae
d- Humerus Proximal and anterior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Name e, f, g and h

A

e- Upper cervical vertebrae
f- Scapular- Medial border
g- C7 and T1 vertebrae
h- Scapula- Medial border

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Name i and j

A

I- thoracic vertebrae
j- Scapula medial border

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

What plexus innervates most of the muscles of the posterior pectoral girdle? What nerves innervate the Trapezius and Latissimus dorsi muscles respectively?

A

Brachial plexus
Trapezius - Accessory
Latissimus dorsi- Thoracodorsal nerve ( Branch of the brachial plexus)

44
Q

How would you describe the fit between the Head of the Humerus and the Glenoid fossa? Why is this important? What is a downside of this?

A

Poor fit as glenoid fossa is shallow
Allows extensive movement
Easily dislocated

45
Q

What are the 6 muscles lie deep to the Posterior pectoral girdle muscles? What do they articulate together?

A
  1. Deltoid
  2. Suprapinatus
  3. Infraspinatus
  4. Subscapularis
  5. Teres minor
  6. Teres major
    Scapula and humerus
46
Q

Which nerve innervates the Deltoid? What are the three movements of the Deltoid?

A

Axillary nerve
Abduction of the shoulder joint (after 15 degrees), Flexion and extension of the shoulder (anterior and posterior fibres)

47
Q

What shape is the delta muscle?

A

Triangular

48
Q

What 4 muscles make up the Rotator cuff?

A

1.Supraspinatus
2.Infraspinatus
3. Teres minor
4. Subscapularis

49
Q

fill in a1,2 and 4

A

a1- Abduction beyond 15 degrees
a2- Spine and acromion of the scapula and the clavicle
a3- Deltoid tuberosity

50
Q

Fill in b1,2,3

A

b1- Internal rotation and abduction
b2- Posterior surface and Inferior part of lateral border
b3- Anterior humerus

51
Q

Fill in c1,2,3

A

c1- First 15 degrees of abduction
c2- Supraspinous fossa
c3- Greater tubercle- superior facet

52
Q

Fill in d1,2,3

A

d1- External rotation
d2- Infraspinous fossa
d3- Greater tubercle-middle facet

53
Q

Fill in e1,2,3

A

e1- External rotation
e2- Lateral border
e3- Greater tubercle- Inferior facet

54
Q

Fill in f1,2,3

A

f1- Internal Rotation
f2- Subscapular fossa
f3- Lesser tubercle

55
Q

Name structures b,c,d

A

b- Infraspinatus
c- Teres major
d- Acromion of Scapula

56
Q

Name structures e,f,g

A

e- Teres major
f- Subscapularis
g- Teres minor

57
Q

How do the Rotator cuff muscles provide stability to the glenoid fossa and head of humerus?

A

Their tendons fuse with the capsule of the shoulder joint

58
Q

What three structrues reinforce the stability of the shoulder?

A

1- Glenoid Labrum- Rim of fibrocartilage around the glenoid fossa
2- Ligaments reinforce capsule
3- Tendons of the biceps brachii

59
Q

Fill in a and b (borders of axilla)

A

a- Pectoralis Major and minor
b- Serratus Anterior and Thoracic wall

60
Q

Fill in c and d (Borders of Axillary wall)

A

c- Scapularis, teres major and latissimus dorsi
d- Proximal humerus

61
Q

What borders the Apex and Base of the Axilla?

A

Apex- First rib, Clavicle and scapula
Base- Skin and fascia between thoracic wall and arm

62
Q

Name structures a-f

A

a- Serratus Anterior
b- Latissimus Dorsi
c- Teres major
d- Humerus
e- Cephalic vein
f- Basillic vein

63
Q

Name structures g-k

A

g- Median nerve
h- Axillary artery
i- Axillary vein
j- Roots of Brachial plexus
k- Clavicle

64
Q

Name structures l-n

A

L- First rib
M- Pectoralis Major
N- Pectoralis Minor

65
Q

How many groups of Lymph nodes are there in the axilla? What do they drain?

A

Five
Upper limb, breast, chest wall, Scapular region and abdominal wall

66
Q

What is the Axillary artery a continuation of? When does it become the axillary artery?

A

Subclavian artery
Passes over the border of the first rib

67
Q

Which nodes receive lymph from all other nodes in the axilla? Where is it located?

A

Apical nodes
Apex

68
Q

When does the Axillary artery become the Brachial artery?

A

As it crosses the Inferior border of the Teres major

69
Q

Name structures a,b,c

A

a- Lateral Epicondyle
b- Shaft
c- Medial Epicondyle

70
Q

What is the axillary Vein formed from? What joins it? Where does it become the subclavian vein?

A

Brachial and Basilic vein
Cephalic vein joins it
Lateral border of the first rib

71
Q

Name structures d,e,f,g

A

d- Capitellum
e- Trochlea
f- Coronoid fossa
g- Olecranon fossa

72
Q

What do the trochlea and Capitellum articulate with respectively?

A

Trochlea- Trochlear notch of ulna
Capitellum- Head of radius

73
Q

What separates the Anterior and Posterior components of the Humerus?

A

Intermuscular septa

74
Q

What are the three muscles of the anterior arm? What muscle innervates all three of them?

A

Biceps brachii
Brachialis
Coracobrachialis
Musculocutaneous nerve

75
Q

What are the two heads of the Proximal Bicep brachii called? What does each articulate with respectively?

A

Long and short head
Long head- Supraglenoid tubercle of scapula
Short head- Coracoid process of scapula

76
Q

Which part of which head on the bicep brachii helps to stabilise the Shoulder joint?

A

Tendon of the Long head

77
Q

What happens to the heads of the Bicep brachii as they move distally? What do they articulate with and via what?

A

Converge
Radial tuberosity via a common tendon

78
Q

Two primary movements of the Bicep? What other movement is it capable of?

A

Flexor of elbow joint
Supinator of the forearm (when elbow is flexed)
2.Flexion of shoulder joint

79
Q

Where does the Brachialis muscle lie? What is its main function?

A

Deep to the biceps brachii
Flexor of the elbow joint

80
Q

What does the Brachialis attach to Proximally and Distally?

A

Proximal- Distal shaft of humerus
Distal- Ulna tuberosity

81
Q

What does the Coracobrachialis articulate with proximally and distally? What is its function?

A

Coracoid process of scapula and Medial aspect of the middle part of humerus
Weak flexor of shoulder joint

82
Q

What is the main muscle of the Posterior arm? What is it made up of and where do they all converge?

A

Triceps brachii
Three heads/ bellies
Converge via a common tendon to the olecranon of the ulna

83
Q

Name structures a-e

A

a- Deltoid
b- Lateral head of triceps
c- Axillary nerve
d- Teres major
e- Long head of triceps

84
Q

Name structures f-i

A

f- Medial head of triceps
g- Olecranon
h- Radial nerve
i- Lateral head of tricpes

85
Q

Where do the Long and Lateral heads of the Triceps originate from respectively?

A

Long- Infraglenoid tubercle of scapula
Lateral- Posterior humerus- proximal to radial grooveW

86
Q

Where does the Medal head of the Triceps originate from? Main two functions of the Triceps?

A

Posterior humerus- Distal to radial groove
Extension of the Shoulder and elbow joints

87
Q

What nerve innervates al of the Triceps? What is it a major terminal branch of?

A

Radial nerve
Brachial plexus

88
Q

Where does the Radial nerve run? Where is this structure inbetween?

A

Radial groove
Between the Medial and Lateral heads of the triceps

89
Q

What is the Brachial plexus? type of innervation?

A

Network of nerves providing motor and sensory innervation to the upper limbs

90
Q

What are the five segments of the Brachial plexus?

A

1.- Roots
2- Trunks
3- Divisions
4- Cords
5- Branches

91
Q

Name Branches a-e of Brachial plexus

A

a- Musculocutaneous
b- Axillary
c- Median
d- Radial
e- Ulnar

92
Q

Name cords f-h of brachial plexus

A

f- Lateral
g- Posterior
h- Medial

93
Q

Name trunks i-K of the brachial plexus

A

i- Superior
j-Middle
k- Inferior

94
Q

Name roots l-p of brachial plexus

A

l- C5
m-C6
n-C7
o-C8
p-T1

95
Q

What are the Superior, Middle and Inferior Trunks of the Brachial Plexus formed by respectively?

A

Superior- C5&C6
Middle- C7
Inferior trunk- C8&T1

96
Q

What forms the Lateral cord of the Brachial plexus?

A

Anterior divisions of the Superior and middle trunks

97
Q

What forms the Posterior and Medial cords of the Brachial Plexus respectively?

A

Posterior cord- Posterior divisions of all trunks
Medial cord- Anterior division of the Inferior trunk

98
Q

Where are the trunks and Cords found in the upper limb respectievly?

A

Trunks- neck
Cords- Second part of axillary artery

99
Q

What does the Axillary nerve innervate (3)? What is it a branch of? What two two spinal nerves does it originate from?

A

Deltoid and Teres minor and Upper lateral arm
Posterior cord
C5,6

100
Q

What does the Radial nerve innervate (2)? What is it a continuation of? What spinal nerves does it originate at?

A

Triceps and Posterior compartment of forearm
Continuation of Posterior cord and fibres from C5-T1

101
Q

Where do the Axillary and Radial nerves run close to respectively?

A

Axillary- Surgical neck of humerus
Radial- Radial groove on the posterior surface of humerus

102
Q

What does the Musculocutaneous (4)? Where does it arise from and what spinal nerves?

A

Biceps Brachii, Brachialis and Coracobrachiallis and Part of lateral forearm
Lateral cord & C5-C6

103
Q

What two cords is the Median nerve a continuation of? What fibres does it contain?

A

Lateral and Medial cords
C6-T1 (can contain fibres from C5-T1)

104
Q

What two things does the Median nerve provide motor innervation for? What does it provide sensory information for? Where is it at its most vulnerable?

A

Most of the Muscles of the anterior forearm and the thumb
Lateral aspect and palm of hand
Cubital fossa (Anterior aspect of the cubital fossa)

105
Q

What is the Ulnar nerve a continuation of? Where does it contain fibres from?

A

Medial cord
C8-T1

106
Q

What does the Ulnar nerve provide motor innervation for? What does it provide sensory innervation for? (1&1)

A

Small muscles in the hand
Skin over Medial aspect of hand and Medial digits

107
Q
A

Anatomy (20 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions