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Anatomy > Posterior Mediastinum and the Neck (CVR) > Flashcards

Posterior Mediastinum and the Neck (CVR) Flashcards

1
Q

What does the Posterior mediastinum contain (6 structures)

A
  • descending (thoracic) aorta
  • azygos veins
  • oesophagus
  • thoracic duct
  • sympathetic trunk and splanchnic nerves
  • posterior intercostal vessels and nerves
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2
Q

What arteries does the Descending aorta give rise to (5) PBOPP

A

Posterior intercostal arteries
Bronchial arteries of the lung
Oesophageal branches
Pericardial branches
Phrenic branches

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3
Q

What Level does the aorta pass through the diaphraghm

A

T12

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4
Q

Where do the azygos veins arise from and Vertabrae level

A

Arise from diaphragm at level L1/L2

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5
Q

Where do the azygos veins drain blood from

A

Posterior thoracic wall

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6
Q

Where do the Azygos veins drain into

A

Superior Vena cava

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7
Q

Where does the azygos vein lie?

A

Right side of the vertebral bodies

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8
Q

What shorter vein runs on the left side of the vertebral bodies?

A

Hemiazygos

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9
Q

what three veins does the azygos system receive blood from? (PBO)

A

Posterior intercostal veins
Bronchial veins
Oesophageal veins

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10
Q

Where does the oesophagus lie in the posterior mediastinum?

A

Right of the aorta

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11
Q

Where is the oesophageal hiatus and what level is it at

A

In the diaphragm and at the level of T10

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12
Q

Where does the Thoracic duct lie

A

Between azygos vein and aorta

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13
Q

What structure does lymph from the lower limbs, pelvis and abdomen flow to that gives rise to the thoracic duct?

A

Cisterna chyli

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14
Q

Where does the the thoracic duct receive lymph from in the thorax?

A

Intercostal spaces and lymph nodes

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15
Q

Where does the Thoracic duct terminate?

A

Opens into venous system at the junction between left internal jugular vein and left subclavian vein

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16
Q

What is the right side of the head and neck and the right upper limb drained by?

A

Lymphatic duct

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17
Q

What are sympathetic trunks?
Where do they lie?

A

Thin, longitudinal fibre tracts interspersed with ganglia
Lie on posterior thoracic wall

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18
Q

What are the ganglia in the sympathetic trunks referred to as? Where do the trunks extend from and to?

A

Paravertebral ganglia
Skull base to coccyx

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19
Q

Where do the cell bodies of the Preganglionic sympathetic neurones lie?

A

T1-L2/3

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20
Q

What does the Sympathetic trunk allow?

A

Sympathetic fibres arising from T1-L2/3 to be distributed to all parts of the body

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21
Q

When a Sympathetic fibre leaves the Spinal cord What does it enter?

A

Sympathetic trunk

22
Q

What are the three things a sympathetic fibre can do at the Sympathetic trunk?

A

Synapse in the ganglion at level of entry
Ascends or descends in trunk before synapsing
Travels through a ganglion without synapsing

23
Q

What does this show? What fibres does this form?

A

Axon not synapsing in the sympathetic trunk
Abdominopelvic splanchnic nerves

24
Q

Which Splanchnic nerves involve a synapse within the sympathetic trunk? What levels?

A

Cardiopulmonary splanchnic nerves
(C4-T5)

25
Q

What does the posterior intercostal space contain?

A

Intercostal muscles
Posterior intercostal artery
Posterior intercostal nerve
Posterior intercostal vein

26
Q

Where does the posterior intercostal artery branch from

A

Descending aorta

27
Q

Sympathetic fibres to thoracic viscera?

A

Cardiopulmonary splanchnic nerves (T1-T5)

28
Q

What innervates the sinoatrial node ?

A

Cardiac plexus
Para and sympathetic

29
Q

What innervates the bronchi? type of innervation

A

Pulmonary plexus
Parasympathetic and sympathetic

30
Q

What innervates the Oesophagus?

A

Oesophageal plexus

31
Q

Where can cardiac pain be felt?

A

Central chest
Left side of neck and left arm

32
Q

Why does myocardic ischaemia cause referred pain?

A

Cardiac splanchnic nerves T1-T5 have visceral fibres that provide sensation for chest wall, neck and arm (Aswell as heart)

33
Q

What separates the Anterior and Posterior triangles of the neck?

A

Sternocleidomastoid

34
Q

Name a-d

A

Mandible
Anterior triangle
Sternocleidomastoid
Clavicle

35
Q

Name e-g

A

e- Trapezius
f- Posterior triangle
g- Mastoid process

36
Q

Anterior, posterior and superior boundaries of the anterior triangle?

A

Anterior- midline
Posterior- Anterior sternoceidomastoid
Superior- mandible

37
Q

Structures in the anterior triangle

A

Trachea
Larynx
Thyroid
Suprahyoid muscles
Infrahyoid muscles
Internal jugular
Common carotid artery
Branches of CN 7,9,11,12
Ansa cervicalis

38
Q

What innervates the Infrahyoid muscles? From where?

A

Ansa cervicalis
C1-C3

39
Q

What does the posterior triangle contain?

A

part of Subclavian artery and vein
External jugular vein
CN11
Phrenic
Brachial plexus roots
Cervical plexus

40
Q

4 supra hyoids?

A

Mylohyoid
Stylohyoid
Geniohyoid
Digastric

41
Q

Function of the Infrahyoid?

A

Draw hyoid bone inferiorly during swallowing

42
Q

Two superficial infrahyoids?

A

Sternohyoid - Sternum
Omohyoid- Scapula

43
Q

Two deep infrahyoid muscles?

A

Sternothyroid and thyrohyoid

44
Q

name a-e

A

a- External carotid
b- Superior thyroid artery
c- Inferior thyroid artery
d- Thyrocervical trunk
e- Right subclavian artery

45
Q

Name f-k

A

f- Braciocephalic
g- Arch of aorta
h- Left subclavian artery
i- Left common carotid artery
j- Thyroid ima artery
k- THyroid isthmus

46
Q

WHere does the Common carotid bifurcate?

A

C4

47
Q

What are the Left and right inferior thyroid arteries a branch of?

A

Thyrocervical trunk

48
Q

What arteries supply the PT

A

Inferior thyroid arteries

49
Q

What supplies the platysma?

A

CN7

50
Q

Where does the Vagus nerve run between the bifurcation?

A

Between the common carotid artery and The internal jugular vein

51
Q
A

Anatomy (20 decks)

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