Anatomy of the Nasal and Oral Cavities (CVR) Flashcards
What separates the left and right nasal cavities?
What is it made up of
Thin midline septum
Formed of cartilage and bone
What separates the nasal cavities from the oral cavity
Hard palate
What forms the superior part of the posterior septum?
Perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone
Three projections of bones on the lateral wall of the nasal cavity
conchae (turbinates)
What are the spaces beneath the conchae called
Meatuses
What happens to air as it travels through the meatuses (3 points)
Warmed
Humidified
Filterered
What separates the nasal cavity from the cranium and the brain?
Cribriform plate
What is the structure of the cribriform plate
Section of bone perforated with tiny holes
What receptors does the mucousa in the upper part of the nasal cavity contain
Olfactory receptors
What nerves travel through the perforations in the cribriform plate
Olfactory nerves
Sensory innervation of the nasal cavity
Trigeminal nerve (CN V)
What does the maxillary artery supply and what is it a branch of
Supplies Nasal cavity and branch of external carotid artery
Where does the frontal sinus lie?
Anterior to the frontal bone
Where does the Ethmoid sinus lie
Within the ethmoid bone
Superior to nasal cavity and medial to the orbits
Where does the Sphenoid sinus lie?
In the sphenoid bone
Where does the Maxillary sinus lie
Within the maxillae of the facial skeleton
Where does the frontal sinus drain into
The middle meatus
Where does the sphenoid sinus drain into
Spheno-ethmoidal recess
Where does the ethmoid air cells drain into in the nasal cavity
Superior and middle meatuses
Where does the maxillary sinus drain into
The middle meatus
How does the opening into the middle meatus lie
Superomedially
What duct drains tears that lubricate the anterior surface of the eye? where does the duct open into?
Nasolacrimal duct
And duct opens into inferior meatus
What is the middle ear?
Where is it located?
Small cavity in the temporal bone and modified for hearing
What connects the middle ear and the nasopharynx
Auditory tube
Where is the auditory tube located? What surrounds it
Lateral wall of nasopharynx
Slight bulge, formed by tonsillar tissue
Function of auditory tube
Allows air to pass into middle ear so that pressure of either side of the eardrum is equal
What is the hard palate made up of and what is the soft palate made up of
Hard palate-bone-Palatine process of maxilla and palatine bone (anteriorly)
soft palate-muscle (posteriorly)
What is the hard palate composed of
Palatine processes of the maxillae
Horizontal plates of the palatine bones
Functions of Hard palate (3)
Prevents food entering nasal cavity
Pushing our tongue against it during swallowing, forcing food and fluids back into oropharynx
Pushing our tongue against it to articulate certain sounds
What projection of the soft palate can be seen in the mouth?
Uvula
What does the soft palate do during swallowing
muscles of it contract, elevating soft palate closing off the nasopharynx from the oral cavity
What is an epistaxis
Nosebleed
What is the superior boundary of the oral cavity
Hard and soft palate
Where are the teeth embedded superiorly and inferiorly
superiorly- 16 in maxilla
Inferiorly-16 in mandible
What are the teeth composed of
Inner pulp
Dentin
enamel
What does the inner pulp contain in teeth
Blood vessels and nerves
Where does the tongue extend to and from
Anterior part lies in oral cavity
Posterior part extends into nasopharynx
What does the tongue contain on its superior surface essential for taste?
Papillae (taste buds)
What do the intrinsic and extrinsic nerves of the tongue do respecively?
Intrinsic- change shape of tongue
Extrinsic- move the tongue (don’t originate in tongue)
What nerve innervates the muscles of the tongue
Hypoglossal tongue
What nerve innervates taste in the anterior two thirds of the tongue
Facial nerve (CN VII)
what nerve innervates general sensation in the anterior two thirds of the tongue?
Trigeminal nerve (CN V)
What nerve innervates taste and sensation in the posterior third of the tongue
Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)
What 3 vessels supply the oral cavity?
What are they branches of?
Lingual maxillary and facial arteries
Branches of the external carotid artery
4 tonsils in the oral cavity
Pharyngeal - roof of nasopharynx
Tubal- opening of auditory tube
Palatine - Lateral wall of oropharynx
Lingual - posterior tongue
Three salivary glands that secrete in to the oral cavity
Parotid
Submandibular
Sublingual
Where does saliva from the parotid gland empty into the mouth via
Via the parotid duct
Where does the facial nerve divide into 5 branches?
In the parotid gland
What nerve innervates the parotid gland
The glossopharyngeal nerve
Where is the parotid gland located
Posterior part of mandible
Where are the submandibular glands located and where do they open up into?
Inferior to mandible, open up into floor of mouth
What nerve innervates the submandibular and sublingual glands
Facial nerve (CN V)
Where do the sublingual glands lie
Floor of mouth
Name structures a-b
a-Pharyngeal tonsils
b-Tubal tonsils
c-Palatine tonsil
d-Lingual tonsil
