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Anatomy > Superior Mediastinum and Heart (CVR) > Flashcards

Superior Mediastinum and Heart (CVR) Flashcards

1
Q

What does the mediastinum contain

A

Heart and pericardium
Great vessels
The veins that drain the chest wall
The trachea an main bronchi
The esophagus
Nerves
Lymphatics

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2
Q

Where is the line that splits the superior and inferior mediastinum

A

From the sternal angle to the T4/T5 junction

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3
Q

Main components of the Superior Mediastinum

A

Arch of aorta
Superior vena cava
trachea
oesophagus
phrenic nerves and vagus nerves
thoracic duct
thymus gland

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4
Q

Where does the arch of the aorta lie

A

In the superior mediastinum

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5
Q

Where does the descending aorta lie

A

Posterior mediastinum

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6
Q

What Does ABCS stand for in the aortic arch

A

Aorta
Braciocephalic artery
Common carotid artery
Subclavian Artery

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7
Q

What is the ligamentum arteriosum a remenent of from being a foetus

A

Ductus arteriosus

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8
Q

What does the Ligamentum arteriosus connect together

A

Pulmonary trunk and aortic arch

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9
Q

Where would blood have travelled from and to in the ductus arteriosus

A

From the Pulmonary trunk to the aortic arch

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10
Q

Where does the superior vena cava return blood from

A

Head neck and upper limbs

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11
Q

What two veins join together to form the superior vena cava

A

Left and right braciocephalic veins

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12
Q

Where does the SVC lie

A

superior mediastinum

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13
Q

What is each brachiocephalic vein made up of

A

Subclavian and Internal Jugular veins

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14
Q

Where does the IVC return blood from

A

Returns blood to heart from all regions inferior to diaphragm

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15
Q

Where does the Trachea bifurcate

A

Sternal angle, which is the T4/T5 junction

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16
Q

Where does the oesophagus extend to and from

A

Pharynx (midline of neck) to stomach

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17
Q

Where is the oesophagus in the mediastinum

A

Midline of thorax and posterior to Trachea

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18
Q

What nerve fibers are the phrenic nerves formed by

A

C3, C4 and C5

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19
Q

What two blood vessels do the vagus nerves run alongside in the neck

A

Internal carotid artery and internal jugular vein

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20
Q

What do the Vagus nerves give rise to

A

Recurrent laryngeal nerve

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21
Q

What structure of the heart does the left recurrent laryngeal nerve loops under? where does it go after

A

Loops under the arch of the aorta
Travels to the left side of the neck

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22
Q

What artery does the right recurrent laryngeal nerve descend alongide

A

Right subclavian artery

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23
Q

What does the right recurrent laryngeal nerve loop under

A

Right subclavian artery

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24
Q

Where does the right recurrent laryngeal nerve run between when ascending

A

Trachea and oesophagus

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25
Q

What is the pericardium

A

A tough fibrous sac that encloses the heart

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26
Q

Two layers of the pericardium

A

Fibrous (thick outer) and Serous layer (thin inner layer)

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27
Q

What is the Serous layer of the pericardium made up of

A

The parietal (outer) and visceral layer (inner)

28
Q

What nerve innervates the fibrous pericardium

A

Phrenic nerves

29
Q

Where is the apex of the heart located and what is it formed by?

A

Left 5th intercostal space in the midclavicular line

30
Q

Where does the right border of the heart extend to and from

A

Right 3rd costal cartilage to right 6th costal cartilage

31
Q

Where does the left border of the heart extend to and from

A

left 2nd intercostal space to the left 5th intercostal space in the midclavicular line

32
Q

What does the right coronary artery supply

A

SA node and AVN node

33
Q

What does the right marginal artery supply

A

Inferior border of the heart

34
Q

What does the posterior interventricular artery supply? on What border of the heart

A

Both ventricles and on the inferior surface of the heart

35
Q

Two main branches of the Left coronary artery

A

Left anterior descending artery
Circumflex artery

36
Q

What is a sulcus

A

Grooves in the external surface of the heart which contains arteries and veins

37
Q

What sulcus does the LAD run in

A

The anterior interventricular sulcus

38
Q

What does the LAD supply

A

Both ventricles

39
Q

What surface does the circumflex artery travel on to

A

Inferior/diaphgramic

40
Q

Where does the left marginal artery arise from and what does it supply

A

arises from circumflex and supplies the left ventricle

41
Q

What is the fossa ovalis

A

Depression in interatrial septum

42
Q

What is the Crista Terminalis? Where are they found?

A

Muscular ridge that seperates smooth walled posterior part of the atrium from the anterior part
Found in atria

43
Q

What are the ridges called on the anterior part of the atria?

A

Pectinate muscles

44
Q

What 5 features does the right ventricle contain?

A

Interventricular septum
Trabeculae carneae
Papillary muscles
Chordae tendinae
Moderator band

45
Q

What are the trabeculae carneae?

A

Muscular ridges on the internal wall of ventricles

46
Q

What are the papillary muscles?

A

Projections of the trabeculae carneae

47
Q

What are Chordae Tendineae?

A

Fibrous cords that connect papillary muscles to tricuspid valve

48
Q

What does The pulmonary trunk split into when it exits the right Ventricle?

A

Left and right Pulmonary arteries

49
Q

Does the Left atrium (like the right atrium) also have a smooth-walled posterior part and rough anterior part?

A

Yes

50
Q

What valve is found between the left atrium and left ventricle? Which valve is found between the right atrium and right ventricle?

A

Left- Mitral valve
Right- Tricuspid valve

51
Q

What is the function of the papillary muscles?

A

Contract and tense the chordae tendineae as the ventricle contracts preventing them everting into the atria

52
Q

How many cusps does each semilunar valve have?

A

Three

53
Q

What forms inbetween the free edge of the semilunar cusp and the vessel wall?

A

Sinuses

54
Q

What are the causes the sounds of the heart when auscultated?

A

Heart valves closing

55
Q

Where are the Aortic and pulmonary auscultatory areas?

A

Aortic= 2nd intercostal space (right to sternum)
Pulmonary= 2nd intercostal space (left to sternum)

56
Q

Auscultatory areas for the Tricuspid and Mitral valve?

A

Tricuspid= 5th intercostal space (left to sternum)
Mitral= 5th intercostal space= left midclavicular line

57
Q

Where is the Sinoatrial node located?

A

Superior end of crista terminalis (in the right atrium)

58
Q

Where is the Atrioventricular node located?

A

Inferior end of of the interatrial septum

59
Q

What fibres arise from the AV node? What do they divide into?

A

Atrioventricular bundle
Left and right bundle branches

60
Q

What do the Bundle branches give rise to in the conducting system? What do these fibres enter?

A

Give rise to Purkinje fibres
Enter the right and left ventricles

61
Q

What arteries supply the SA node? What proportion of people are supplied by each artery?

A

Right coronary artery and Left coronary artery
60% supplied by RCA
40% supplied by LCA

62
Q

What artery supplies the AV node?

A

Posterior interventricular artery

63
Q

What artery supplies the Bundle of His?

A

Left Coronary Artery

64
Q

Where do Visceral afferent fibres send information to and from?

A

From the heart back to the CNS

65
Q

Where can heart pain be perceived from? What is this pain called?

A

Chest, Left side of neck and/or left arm

66
Q
A

Anatomy (20 decks)

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