Anatomy of the Stomach and Small and Large Intestine (GI) Flashcards
What level does the Oesophagus pass through the Diaphragm? What is the name for this passage?
Level T10
Oesophageal hiatus
What is the Muscle around the Oeosophageal Hiatus called?
Lower Oesophageal Sphincter
What artery supplies the Distal Oesophagus?
Left Gastric Artery
What is the Oesophagus a site of due to the fact its venous drainage is towards the systemic system of veins and the portal venous system?
Portosystemic Anastomoses
What does the stomach break flood into?
Chyme
What is the most superior part of the Stomach called? Where does it lie?
Fundus
Superior to the level of entry of the Oesophagus
What is the Fundus usually filled with?
Gas
Largest part of the Stomach, below fundus?
Body
What is the part of the Stomach where the Oesophagus enters?
Cardia
What is the part of the stomach that is distal to the body?
Pyloric part
What does the Pyloric canal contain around it? What does it do?
Pyloric Sphincter
Regulates the passage of chyme into duodenum
Right border of the stomach name and left border name
Right- Lesser curvature
Left- Greater curvature
Which quadrant does the stomach lie in?
Left upper quadrant
Is The stomach Intraperitoneal or Retroperitoneal?
Intra peritoneal (completely covered in Visceral Peritoneum)
What is the Anterior surface of the Stomach related to? (3)
Abdominal wall
Diaphragm
Left lobe of liver
What does the posterior surface of the stomach form
Anterior wall of lesser sack
What structures form the posterior wall of the Lesser sac
Pancreas
Left Kidney
Spleen
What does the Lesser omentum connect?
Lesser curvature of the Stomach and the Liver
What does the free edge of the Lesser Omentum contain (3)
Hepatic artery
Hepatic Portal vein
Bile duct
What arteries are the Stomach supplied by?
Branches of the Coeliac trunk
What level does the Coeliac trunk leave the Abdominal Aorta?
T12
What does the Coeliac trunk supply?
Foregut
What does the foregut comprise of? (5)
Stomach
first half of duodenum
Liver
Gallbladder
Pancreas
What other structure does the Coeliac trunk supply? What is it in origin?
Spleen
Mesodermal in origin
What 3 arteries does the Coeliac trunk divide into?
Left gastric artery
Common Hepatic Artery
Splenic Artery
Where do the Left and Right gastric arteries run along and what do they do together?
Run along the Lesser curvature and anastomose with each other
What two structures does the right Gastric artery arise from?
Common Hepatic artery or Hepatic artery proper
What arteries run along the greater curvature and anastomose with each other?
Left and right gastro-omental arteries
Where does the left Gastro-omental artery arise from?
Splenic artery
Where does the Right gastro-omental artery arise from and what artery is it a branch of?
Arises from the Gastroduodenal artery
Branch of common Hepatic artery
Where do the right and left gastric and the left and right gastro-omental arteries drain into?
Hepatic portal vein
What type of stimulation and what nerve promotes peristalsis and gastric secretion in the stomach?
Parasympathetic
Vagus nerve
What nerves inhibit peristalsis and secretion in the Stomach?
What type of stimulation and through which spinal cord segments?
Greater sphlancic nerve
Sympathetic
T5-T9
Where does the Small intestine lie?
What are the three parts?
Centrally in abdomen
Duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum
What shape is the Duodenum?
What structure does curve around?
Is it retro or intra peritoneal?
C shaped
Pancreas
Retroperitoneal
Where is the Major duodenal Papilla?
What is it an opening to?
Halfway along the Internal wall
Opening to bile duct and main pancreatic duct
Where does the first half of the duodenum develop from?
Hence which artery does it receive blood from?
Foregut
Coeliac trunk
Where is the second half of the Duodenum developed from?
Hence what artery supplies it?
Midgut
Superior Mesentric artery
What connects the Jejunum and Ileum to the Posterior abdominal wall?
What artery supplies the Jejunum and Ileum?
Mesentry (Fold of peritoneal)
Superior Mesentric Artery
Where are the Jejunum and Ileum derived from?
Midgut
Are the Jejunum and Ileum intra or retro peritoneal?
Intraperitoneal
What are the folds of Mucousa called in the Ileum and Jejunum?
Pilcae circulares
Where are the Pilcae more pronounced? The jejunum or ileum
Jejunum
What are the 7 parts of the Colon?
Caecum
Appendix
Ascending colon
Descending Colon
Sigmoid Colon
Rectum
Anal canal
What are the three bands of Longitudinal muscle called in the Colon?
Taeniae coli
Inner circular muscle layer of Colon name for bulges
Haustra
What is the name of fatty tags where the blood vessels penetrate the intestinal wall?
Epiploic appendages
First part of Colon?
Retro or intraperitoneal?
Caecum
Intraperitoneal
What is the Diverticulum that arises from the Caecum?
What connects the two together?
Appendix
Mesentry
Does the Caecum contain mesentry?
No
Where does the Ascending colon run?
Is it intra or retro peritoneal?
Right paracolic gutter
Retroperitoneal
What is the bend called where the ascending colon becomes the transverse colon?
What quadrant does this occur in?
Hepatic flexure
Right upper quadrant
Is the Transverse colon intra or retro peritoneal?
What is the Transverse colon suspended from and what suspends it?
Intraperitoneal
Posterior abdominal wall
Transverse mesocolon
What is the bend called where the transverse colon becomes the descending colon? What quadrant is it in?
Splenic flexure
Left upper quadrant
What connects the Splenic flexure to the diaphragm?
Phrenicocolic ligament
What are the first two thirds (proximal) of the transverse colon developed from and the distal third?
Proximal-Midgut
Distal-Hindgut
Where does the descending colon run?
Is it retro or intraperitoneal?
Left paracolic gutter
Retroperitoneal
What is the 90 degree angle inferior turn of the Sigmoid colon called?
Rectosigmoid junction
What connects the colon to sigmoid the posterior abdominal wall?
Sigmoid mesocolon
What level does the rectum join with the rectosigmoid junction?
S3
Is the rectum retro or intraperitoneal?
Retroperitoneal
Structures of the midgut? (3)
Second half of duodenum
Small intestine
Large intestine (to the first 2/3 of transverse colon)
What artery supplies the Midgut?
What level does it leave the Aorta?
Superior mesenteric artery
L1
Branches of the Superior Mesenteric artery (5)
Jejunal
Ileal
Ileocolic
Right colic
Middle colic artery
What does each branch in the midgut supply
Jejunal- Jejnum
Ileal-Ileum
Ileocolic- Caecum, appendix and ascending colon
Right colic artery- Ascending colon
Middle colic artery-transverse colon
What are the Jejunal and Ileal branches embedded in?
What do they do with each other?
Mesentry of small intestine
Anastomose with one another
What artery supplies the Hindgut?
What level does it leave the aorta?
Inferior mesentric artery
L3
3 Branches of Inferior Mesentric artery
Left colic artery
Sigmoid branches
Superior rectal artery
What does each Branch of the IMA supply?
Left colic artery- supplies the transverse colon and descending colon
Sigmoid branches- Sigmoid colon
Superior rectal artery- Supplies rectum
What two arteries anastomose to form the marginal artery?
Left colic artery (IMA) and Middle colic artery(SMA)
What parasympathetic nerves innervate the Hindgut?
Pelvic Splanchnic nerves
Where do the preganglionic sympathetic neurons lie?
S2-S4
What nerves innervate the foregut?
Greater splanchnic nerves
What nerves innervate the midgut
Lesser Splanchnic (T10-T11)
What nerve innervates the hindgut?
The least splanchnic carries (T12)
