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Anatomy > Anatomy of the Stomach and Small and Large Intestine (GI) > Flashcards

Anatomy of the Stomach and Small and Large Intestine (GI) Flashcards

1
Q

What level does the Oesophagus pass through the Diaphragm? What is the name for this passage?

A

Level T10
Oesophageal hiatus

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2
Q

What is the Muscle around the Oeosophageal Hiatus called?

A

Lower Oesophageal Sphincter

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3
Q

What artery supplies the Distal Oesophagus?

A

Left Gastric Artery

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4
Q

What is the Oesophagus a site of due to the fact its venous drainage is towards the systemic system of veins and the portal venous system?

A

Portosystemic Anastomoses

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5
Q

What does the stomach break flood into?

A

Chyme

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6
Q

What is the most superior part of the Stomach called? Where does it lie?

A

Fundus
Superior to the level of entry of the Oesophagus

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7
Q

What is the Fundus usually filled with?

A

Gas

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8
Q

Largest part of the Stomach, below fundus?

A

Body

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9
Q

What is the part of the Stomach where the Oesophagus enters?

A

Cardia

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10
Q

What is the part of the stomach that is distal to the body?

A

Pyloric part

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11
Q

What does the Pyloric canal contain around it? What does it do?

A

Pyloric Sphincter
Regulates the passage of chyme into duodenum

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12
Q

Right border of the stomach name and left border name

A

Right- Lesser curvature
Left- Greater curvature

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13
Q

Which quadrant does the stomach lie in?

A

Left upper quadrant

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14
Q

Is The stomach Intraperitoneal or Retroperitoneal?

A

Intra peritoneal (completely covered in Visceral Peritoneum)

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15
Q

What is the Anterior surface of the Stomach related to? (3)

A

Abdominal wall
Diaphragm
Left lobe of liver

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16
Q

What does the posterior surface of the stomach form

A

Anterior wall of lesser sack

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17
Q

What structures form the posterior wall of the Lesser sac

A

Pancreas
Left Kidney
Spleen

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18
Q

What does the Lesser omentum connect?

A

Lesser curvature of the Stomach and the Liver

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19
Q

What does the free edge of the Lesser Omentum contain (3)

A

Hepatic artery
Hepatic Portal vein
Bile duct

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20
Q

What arteries are the Stomach supplied by?

A

Branches of the Coeliac trunk

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21
Q

What level does the Coeliac trunk leave the Abdominal Aorta?

A

T12

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22
Q

What does the Coeliac trunk supply?

A

Foregut

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23
Q

What does the foregut comprise of? (5)

A

Stomach
first half of duodenum
Liver
Gallbladder
Pancreas

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24
Q

What other structure does the Coeliac trunk supply? What is it in origin?

A

Spleen
Mesodermal in origin

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25
What 3 arteries does the Coeliac trunk divide into?
Left gastric artery Common Hepatic Artery Splenic Artery
26
Where do the Left and Right gastric arteries run along and what do they do together?
Run along the Lesser curvature and anastomose with each other
27
What two structures does the right Gastric artery arise from?
Common Hepatic artery or Hepatic artery proper
28
What arteries run along the greater curvature and anastomose with each other?
Left and right gastro-omental arteries
29
Where does the left Gastro-omental artery arise from?
Splenic artery
30
Where does the Right gastro-omental artery arise from and what artery is it a branch of?
Arises from the Gastroduodenal artery Branch of common Hepatic artery
31
Where do the right and left gastric and the left and right gastro-omental arteries drain into?
Hepatic portal vein
32
What type of stimulation and what nerve promotes peristalsis and gastric secretion in the stomach?
Parasympathetic Vagus nerve
33
What nerves inhibit peristalsis and secretion in the Stomach? What type of stimulation and through which spinal cord segments?
Greater sphlancic nerve Sympathetic T5-T9
34
Where does the Small intestine lie? What are the three parts?
Centrally in abdomen Duodenum Jejunum Ileum
35
What shape is the Duodenum? What structure does curve around? Is it retro or intra peritoneal?
C shaped Pancreas Retroperitoneal
36
Where is the Major duodenal Papilla? What is it an opening to?
Halfway along the Internal wall Opening to bile duct and main pancreatic duct
37
Where does the first half of the duodenum develop from? Hence which artery does it receive blood from?
Foregut Coeliac trunk
38
Where is the second half of the Duodenum developed from? Hence what artery supplies it?
Midgut Superior Mesentric artery
39
What connects the Jejunum and Ileum to the Posterior abdominal wall? What artery supplies the Jejunum and Ileum?
Mesentry (Fold of peritoneal) Superior Mesentric Artery
40
Where are the Jejunum and Ileum derived from?
Midgut
41
Are the Jejunum and Ileum intra or retro peritoneal?
Intraperitoneal
42
What are the folds of Mucousa called in the Ileum and Jejunum?
Pilcae circulares
43
Where are the Pilcae more pronounced? The jejunum or ileum
Jejunum
44
What are the 7 parts of the Colon?
Caecum Appendix Ascending colon Descending Colon Sigmoid Colon Rectum Anal canal
45
What are the three bands of Longitudinal muscle called in the Colon?
Taeniae coli
46
Inner circular muscle layer of Colon name for bulges
Haustra
47
What is the name of fatty tags where the blood vessels penetrate the intestinal wall?
Epiploic appendages
48
First part of Colon? Retro or intraperitoneal?
Caecum Intraperitoneal
49
What is the Diverticulum that arises from the Caecum? What connects the two together?
Appendix Mesentry
50
Does the Caecum contain mesentry?
No
51
Where does the Ascending colon run? Is it intra or retro peritoneal?
Right paracolic gutter Retroperitoneal
52
What is the bend called where the ascending colon becomes the transverse colon? What quadrant does this occur in?
Hepatic flexure Right upper quadrant
53
Is the Transverse colon intra or retro peritoneal? What is the Transverse colon suspended from and what suspends it?
Intraperitoneal Posterior abdominal wall Transverse mesocolon
54
What is the bend called where the transverse colon becomes the descending colon? What quadrant is it in?
Splenic flexure Left upper quadrant
55
What connects the Splenic flexure to the diaphragm?
Phrenicocolic ligament
56
What are the first two thirds (proximal) of the transverse colon developed from and the distal third?
Proximal-Midgut Distal-Hindgut
57
Where does the descending colon run? Is it retro or intraperitoneal?
Left paracolic gutter Retroperitoneal
58
What is the 90 degree angle inferior turn of the Sigmoid colon called?
Rectosigmoid junction
59
What connects the colon to sigmoid the posterior abdominal wall?
Sigmoid mesocolon
60
What level does the rectum join with the rectosigmoid junction?
S3
61
Is the rectum retro or intraperitoneal?
Retroperitoneal
62
Structures of the midgut? (3)
Second half of duodenum Small intestine Large intestine (to the first 2/3 of transverse colon)
63
What artery supplies the Midgut? What level does it leave the Aorta?
Superior mesenteric artery L1
64
Branches of the Superior Mesenteric artery (5)
Jejunal Ileal Ileocolic Right colic Middle colic artery
65
What does each branch in the midgut supply
Jejunal- Jejnum Ileal-Ileum Ileocolic- Caecum, appendix and ascending colon Right colic artery- Ascending colon Middle colic artery-transverse colon
66
What are the Jejunal and Ileal branches embedded in? What do they do with each other?
Mesentry of small intestine Anastomose with one another
67
What artery supplies the Hindgut? What level does it leave the aorta?
Inferior mesentric artery L3
68
3 Branches of Inferior Mesentric artery
Left colic artery Sigmoid branches Superior rectal artery
69
What does each Branch of the IMA supply?
Left colic artery- supplies the transverse colon and descending colon Sigmoid branches- Sigmoid colon Superior rectal artery- Supplies rectum
70
What two arteries anastomose to form the marginal artery?
Left colic artery (IMA) and Middle colic artery(SMA)
71
What parasympathetic nerves innervate the Hindgut?
Pelvic Splanchnic nerves
72
Where do the preganglionic sympathetic neurons lie?
S2-S4
73
What nerves innervate the foregut?
Greater splanchnic nerves
74
What nerves innervate the midgut
Lesser Splanchnic (T10-T11)
75
What nerve innervates the hindgut?
The least splanchnic carries (T12)
76

Anatomy (20 decks)

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