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Anatomy > Anatomy of the Stomach and Small and Large Intestine (GI) > Flashcards

Anatomy of the Stomach and Small and Large Intestine (GI) Flashcards

1
Q

What level does the Oesophagus pass through the Diaphragm? What is the name for this passage?

A

Level T10
Oesophageal hiatus

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2
Q

What is the Muscle around the Oeosophageal Hiatus called?

A

Lower Oesophageal Sphincter

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3
Q

What artery supplies the Distal Oesophagus?

A

Left Gastric Artery

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4
Q

What is the Oesophagus a site of due to the fact its venous drainage is towards the systemic system of veins and the portal venous system?

A

Portosystemic Anastomoses

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5
Q

What does the stomach break flood into?

A

Chyme

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6
Q

What is the most superior part of the Stomach called? Where does it lie?

A

Fundus
Superior to the level of entry of the Oesophagus

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7
Q

What is the Fundus usually filled with?

A

Gas

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8
Q

Largest part of the Stomach, below fundus?

A

Body

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9
Q

What is the part of the Stomach where the Oesophagus enters?

A

Cardia

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10
Q

What is the part of the stomach that is distal to the body?

A

Pyloric part

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11
Q

What does the Pyloric canal contain around it? What does it do?

A

Pyloric Sphincter
Regulates the passage of chyme into duodenum

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12
Q

Right border of the stomach name and left border name

A

Right- Lesser curvature
Left- Greater curvature

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13
Q

Which quadrant does the stomach lie in?

A

Left upper quadrant

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14
Q

Is The stomach Intraperitoneal or Retroperitoneal?

A

Intra peritoneal (completely covered in Visceral Peritoneum)

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15
Q

What is the Anterior surface of the Stomach related to? (3)

A

Abdominal wall
Diaphragm
Left lobe of liver

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16
Q

What does the posterior surface of the stomach form

A

Anterior wall of lesser sack

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17
Q

What structures form the posterior wall of the Lesser sac

A

Pancreas
Left Kidney
Spleen

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18
Q

What does the Lesser omentum connect?

A

Lesser curvature of the Stomach and the Liver

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19
Q

What does the free edge of the Lesser Omentum contain (3)

A

Hepatic artery
Hepatic Portal vein
Bile duct

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20
Q

What arteries are the Stomach supplied by?

A

Branches of the Coeliac trunk

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21
Q

What level does the Coeliac trunk leave the Abdominal Aorta?

A

T12

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22
Q

What does the Coeliac trunk supply?

A

Foregut

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23
Q

What does the foregut comprise of? (5)

A

Stomach
first half of duodenum
Liver
Gallbladder
Pancreas

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24
Q

What other structure does the Coeliac trunk supply? What is it in origin?

A

Spleen
Mesodermal in origin

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25
Q

What 3 arteries does the Coeliac trunk divide into?

A

Left gastric artery
Common Hepatic Artery
Splenic Artery

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26
Q

Where do the Left and Right gastric arteries run along and what do they do together?

A

Run along the Lesser curvature and anastomose with each other

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27
Q

What two structures does the right Gastric artery arise from?

A

Common Hepatic artery or Hepatic artery proper

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28
Q

What arteries run along the greater curvature and anastomose with each other?

A

Left and right gastro-omental arteries

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29
Q

Where does the left Gastro-omental artery arise from?

A

Splenic artery

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30
Q

Where does the Right gastro-omental artery arise from and what artery is it a branch of?

A

Arises from the Gastroduodenal artery
Branch of common Hepatic artery

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31
Q

Where do the right and left gastric and the left and right gastro-omental arteries drain into?

A

Hepatic portal vein

32
Q

What type of stimulation and what nerve promotes peristalsis and gastric secretion in the stomach?

A

Parasympathetic
Vagus nerve

33
Q

What nerves inhibit peristalsis and secretion in the Stomach?
What type of stimulation and through which spinal cord segments?

A

Greater sphlancic nerve
Sympathetic
T5-T9

34
Q

Where does the Small intestine lie?
What are the three parts?

A

Centrally in abdomen
Duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum

35
Q

What shape is the Duodenum?
What structure does curve around?
Is it retro or intra peritoneal?

A

C shaped
Pancreas
Retroperitoneal

36
Q

Where is the Major duodenal Papilla?
What is it an opening to?

A

Halfway along the Internal wall
Opening to bile duct and main pancreatic duct

37
Q

Where does the first half of the duodenum develop from?
Hence which artery does it receive blood from?

A

Foregut
Coeliac trunk

38
Q

Where is the second half of the Duodenum developed from?
Hence what artery supplies it?

A

Midgut
Superior Mesentric artery

39
Q

What connects the Jejunum and Ileum to the Posterior abdominal wall?
What artery supplies the Jejunum and Ileum?

A

Mesentry (Fold of peritoneal)
Superior Mesentric Artery

40
Q

Where are the Jejunum and Ileum derived from?

A

Midgut

41
Q

Are the Jejunum and Ileum intra or retro peritoneal?

A

Intraperitoneal

42
Q

What are the folds of Mucousa called in the Ileum and Jejunum?

A

Pilcae circulares

43
Q

Where are the Pilcae more pronounced? The jejunum or ileum

A

Jejunum

44
Q

What are the 7 parts of the Colon?

A

Caecum
Appendix
Ascending colon
Descending Colon
Sigmoid Colon
Rectum
Anal canal

45
Q

What are the three bands of Longitudinal muscle called in the Colon?

A

Taeniae coli

46
Q

Inner circular muscle layer of Colon name for bulges

A

Haustra

47
Q

What is the name of fatty tags where the blood vessels penetrate the intestinal wall?

A

Epiploic appendages

48
Q

First part of Colon?
Retro or intraperitoneal?

A

Caecum
Intraperitoneal

49
Q

What is the Diverticulum that arises from the Caecum?
What connects the two together?

A

Appendix
Mesentry

50
Q

Does the Caecum contain mesentry?

A

No

51
Q

Where does the Ascending colon run?
Is it intra or retro peritoneal?

A

Right paracolic gutter
Retroperitoneal

52
Q

What is the bend called where the ascending colon becomes the transverse colon?
What quadrant does this occur in?

A

Hepatic flexure
Right upper quadrant

53
Q

Is the Transverse colon intra or retro peritoneal?
What is the Transverse colon suspended from and what suspends it?

A

Intraperitoneal
Posterior abdominal wall
Transverse mesocolon

54
Q

What is the bend called where the transverse colon becomes the descending colon? What quadrant is it in?

A

Splenic flexure
Left upper quadrant

55
Q

What connects the Splenic flexure to the diaphragm?

A

Phrenicocolic ligament

56
Q

What are the first two thirds (proximal) of the transverse colon developed from and the distal third?

A

Proximal-Midgut
Distal-Hindgut

57
Q

Where does the descending colon run?
Is it retro or intraperitoneal?

A

Left paracolic gutter
Retroperitoneal

58
Q

What is the 90 degree angle inferior turn of the Sigmoid colon called?

A

Rectosigmoid junction

59
Q

What connects the colon to sigmoid the posterior abdominal wall?

A

Sigmoid mesocolon

60
Q

What level does the rectum join with the rectosigmoid junction?

A

S3

61
Q

Is the rectum retro or intraperitoneal?

A

Retroperitoneal

62
Q

Structures of the midgut? (3)

A

Second half of duodenum
Small intestine
Large intestine (to the first 2/3 of transverse colon)

63
Q

What artery supplies the Midgut?
What level does it leave the Aorta?

A

Superior mesenteric artery
L1

64
Q

Branches of the Superior Mesenteric artery (5)

A

Jejunal
Ileal
Ileocolic
Right colic
Middle colic artery

65
Q

What does each branch in the midgut supply

A

Jejunal- Jejnum
Ileal-Ileum
Ileocolic- Caecum, appendix and ascending colon
Right colic artery- Ascending colon
Middle colic artery-transverse colon

66
Q

What are the Jejunal and Ileal branches embedded in?
What do they do with each other?

A

Mesentry of small intestine
Anastomose with one another

67
Q

What artery supplies the Hindgut?
What level does it leave the aorta?

A

Inferior mesentric artery
L3

68
Q

3 Branches of Inferior Mesentric artery

A

Left colic artery
Sigmoid branches
Superior rectal artery

69
Q

What does each Branch of the IMA supply?

A

Left colic artery- supplies the transverse colon and descending colon
Sigmoid branches- Sigmoid colon
Superior rectal artery- Supplies rectum

70
Q

What two arteries anastomose to form the marginal artery?

A

Left colic artery (IMA) and Middle colic artery(SMA)

71
Q

What parasympathetic nerves innervate the Hindgut?

A

Pelvic Splanchnic nerves

72
Q

Where do the preganglionic sympathetic neurons lie?

A

S2-S4

73
Q

What nerves innervate the foregut?

A

Greater splanchnic nerves

74
Q

What nerves innervate the midgut

A

Lesser Splanchnic (T10-T11)

75
Q

What nerve innervates the hindgut?

A

The least splanchnic carries (T12)

76
Q
A

Anatomy (20 decks)

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