Bones and Joints of the Distal Lower Limb and Muscles of the Leg, Neurovasculature of the leg and foot (MSK) Flashcards
What connects the bones of the leg?
Interosseous membrane
What does the Distal tibia articulate with?
Talus and Fibula
What part of the tibia articulates with the condyles of the femur?
Medial and lateral tibial condyles
What are the prominent ridges located between the tibial plateuas?
Intercondylar tubercles
Name a-d
a- Neck of fibula
b- Head of fibula
c- Lateral tibial condyle
d- Lateral femoral condyle
Name e-h
e- Patella
f- Medial femoral condyle
g- Intercondylar tubercles
h- Tibial tuberosity
Name i-k
i- Soleal line
j- Neck of the fibula
k- Head of the fibula
Name l-n
l- Lateral tibial condyle
m- Lateral tibial plateau
n- Lateral femoral condyle
name a-c
a- Shaft of the fibula
b- Lateral malleolus
c- Talus
Name d-g
d-Medial malleolus
e- Shaft of tibia
f- Shaft of fibula
g- Lateral malleolus
Where does the Patellar ligament insert? Where is it located?
Tibial tuberosity
Anterior surface of the tibia
What part of the Tibia forms a socket for the Talus?
Medial malleolus
Does the Fibula contribute to the knee joint?
No!
What part of Fibula forms as a socket for the talus?
Lateral malleolus
What do the Small joints of the foot allow it to do?
Allow it to deform and absorb shock when walking over uneven ground
What are the two arches of the foot called when we stand? What is this arranged by? for?
Longitudinal and transverse arches of the foot
Bones of the foot
Shock absorption
Name a-c
a- Distal Phalanx
b- Proximal Phalanx
c- 1st Metatarsal
Name d-f
d- Medial cuneiform
e- Intermediate cuneiform
f- Navicular
g-i
g- Calcaneus
h- Cuboid
i- Lateral cuneiform
Name j-m
j- 5th metatarsal
k- proximal phalanx
l- Middle phalanx
m- Distal phalanx
What do Navicular and Cuneiform mean respectively?
Navicular- Boat shaped
Cuneiform- Wedge shaped
What comprises the forefoot?
Metatarsals and Phalanges
How are the Metatarsals labeled from where to where?
1-5
(Medial- great toe) and (Lateral- little toe)
What are the joints between the Metatarsals and Phalanges and Joints between Phalanges respectively?
Metatarsophalangeal
Interphalangeal joints
What is the joint called on metatarsal one?
Interphalangeal joint of the great toe
4 movements of toes
Flexion
Extension
Abduction
Adduction
Name a-f
a- Fibula
b- Lateral malleolus
c- Calcaneus
d- cuboid
e- Lateral cuneiform
f- Phalanges
Name g-l
g- Metatarsals
h- Intermediate cuneiform
i- Medial cuneiform
j- Navicular
k- Talus
l- TIbia
Name a-c
a- Posterior inferior tibiofibular ligament
b- Posterior talofibular ligament
c- Calcaneofibular ligament
Name d and e
d- Anterior talofibular ligament
e- Anterior inferior tibiofibular ligament
What type of joint is the Ankle joint?
Synovial hinge joint
What is the ankle joint between?
Distal tibia, Distal fibula and Talus
What is the socket called formed by the tibia and fibula called?
Ankle mortise
How is the Ankle mortise used? What is the joint supported by?
Grips the Talus
Medial and Lateral ligaments
Two movements at the ankle joint?- briefly explain each?
Dorsiflexion- toes closer to shin
Plantarflexion- Pointing toes
Is there any extension at the ankle joint?
No just two types of flexion
What do these ligaments support? Where do they attach?
Lateral aspect
Lateral malleolus
What ligaments support the Medial aspect of the ankle joint? How many? What do they attach to?
Deltoid ligament- 4
Medial malleolus
What are these? name a and b?
Deltoid ligaments
a- Posterior tibiotalar ligament
b- Tibiocalcaneal ligament
Name c and d
c- Anterior Tibiotalar ligament
d- Tibionavicular ligament
What is the Subtalar joint formed between?
Talus with the calcaneum and navicular
What movements occurs at the Subtalar joint?
Inversion and Eversion
What do Inversion and Eversion mean respectively?
Inversion- brings sole of foot medially
Eversion- raised lateral border and brings sole of foot laterally
Name a-b and what each forms
a Semimembranosus and semitendinosus - superior medial border of popliteal triangle
b- Gastrocnemius- Inferior medial border of popliteal triangle
Name c and e and what they form?
c- Gastrocnemius- Inferior lateral border
e- Biceps femoris- Superior lateral border
What does this show?
Popliteal fossa
Name b
Continuation of?
Bifurcates into?
Traverses the?
Popliteal artery
Femoral artery
anterior and posterior tibial arteries
Traverses the adductor hiatus
Name c
Formed by?
Traverses?
Continues as?
Popliteal vein
Deep veins of legs
Traverses the adductor hiatus
Continues as Femoral vein
Name d and e
d-Small saphenous vein
e- Plantaris
What is g? What does it innervate? Where does it travel?
g-tibial nerve
Posterior leg
Travels through the midline of the popliteal fossa
What is f? Where does it travel?
Common fibular nerve
Superior lateral border of Popliteal fossa (alongside biceps femoris)
Where does the common fibular nerve wrap around? Then what does it split into?
Wraps around fibula
Splits into superficial and deep branch
What does the superficial and deep fibular nerves innervate repectively?
Superficial- Muscles of lateral leg
Deep fibular- Muscles of anterior leg
What is the Common fibular nerve also reffered to as?
Peroneal
What separates the leg into how many compartments?
Intermuscular septa splits into into the anterior lateral and posterior compartments
name a-c
a- fibula
b- Extensor digitorum longus
c- Lateral malleolus
Name d-f
d- tendon of tibialis anterior
e- Medial malleolus
f- Extensor hallucis longus
Name g and h
g- Tibialis anterior
h- Tibia
Primary function of the Anterior leg muscles? What are they innervated by?
Dorsiflexors of the foot and extensors of the toes
Deep fibular nerve
What muscle is this? Where does it insert?
Tibialis anterior
Medial cuneiform
2 functions of the tibialis anterior?
Dorsiflexes and Inverts the foot
Which muscle extends the great toe? Where does it insert?
Extensor Hallucis Longus
Distal phalanx of great toe
Other function of the Extensor Hallucis longus?
Dorsiflexion
Which muscle Inserts on the distal phalanges of toes 2-5?
Extensor Digitorum longus
What covers the extensor tendons of the ankle joint>
Extensor retinacula
What is the fourth muscle of the Anterior leg? Function? Is it present in everyone?
Fibularis tertius
Weak dorsiflexion and eversion
No
Name b
Where does it insertb.
Fibularis Longus
5th metatarsal
Name a
Where does it insert?
Fibularis Brevis
Plantar surface of the medial cuneiform bone
Where do the Muscles of the lateral leg attach?
Fibula
Function of the Lateral muscles of the leg? What nerve innervates them?
Evert the foot at subtalar joint
Superficial fibular nerve
Name a, d and f
What are these
a- Gastrocnemius
d- Soleus
f- Plantaris
Superficial muscles of the posterior Leg
Name b,c,e
b- Calcaneal (Achilles) tendon-
c- Calcaneus
e- Plantaris tendon
Where do the Three superficial muscles of the Posterior leg attach? Via what?
Calcaneus
Calcaneal/ achilles tendon
What is the most superficial muscle of the posterior leg? What does it attach to?
Gastrocnemius
via two heads distal to femur
Function of the soleus muscle? Where is it attached to?
Compresses deep veins of leg
Soleal line of the tibia
What muscle is located close to the popliteal fossa? What does its tendon merge with? Is it essential?
Plantaris
Calcaneal tendon
Not essential
Name a,b,c,d
a- Tibialis posterior
b- Flexor hallucis longus
c- Flexor digitorum longus
d- Popliteus
Where do the latter three muscles of the deep posterior leg attach? Where do they travel?
Plantar surface
Posterior to medial malleolus
Function of the Popliteus muscle?
Unlocking the knee by rotating the femur after it has locked into the tibia
Main function of the muscles of the posterior compartment of the leg? What nerve innervates them?
Plantar flexors
Tibial
Where do the Tibialis posterior and Flexor hallucis longus attach?
Multiple bones on foot
Distal phalanx of great toe
Secondary function of tibialis posterior
Inversion of the foot
Function of Flexor digitorum longus? Where does it attach?
Flexion of the toes and plantarflexion
Distal phalanges of toes 2-5
Muscle present in the dorsum of the foot? Innervation?
Extensor digitorum brevis
Common fibular nerve
What does the Sole of the foot contain? What does it mirror? and in how many layers?
Intrinsic muscles
muscles of hand
4 layers (don’t need to know names)
What nerves innervates the muscles of the foot? What are they terminal branches of?
Medial and lateral plantar nerves
Tibial nerve
What does the anterior tibial artery become distally? Where?
Dorsalis pedis
Anterior aspect of ankle
Where can the dorsalis pedis be palpated?
Lateral to tendon of extensor hallucis longus
