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Anatomy > Bones and Joints of the Distal Lower Limb and Muscles of the Leg, Neurovasculature of the leg and foot (MSK) > Flashcards

Bones and Joints of the Distal Lower Limb and Muscles of the Leg, Neurovasculature of the leg and foot (MSK) Flashcards

1
Q

What connects the bones of the leg?

A

Interosseous membrane

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2
Q

What does the Distal tibia articulate with?

A

Talus and Fibula

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3
Q

What part of the tibia articulates with the condyles of the femur?

A

Medial and lateral tibial condyles

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4
Q

What are the prominent ridges located between the tibial plateuas?

A

Intercondylar tubercles

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5
Q

Name a-d

A

a- Neck of fibula
b- Head of fibula
c- Lateral tibial condyle
d- Lateral femoral condyle

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6
Q

Name e-h

A

e- Patella
f- Medial femoral condyle
g- Intercondylar tubercles
h- Tibial tuberosity

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7
Q

Name i-k

A

i- Soleal line
j- Neck of the fibula
k- Head of the fibula

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8
Q

Name l-n

A

l- Lateral tibial condyle
m- Lateral tibial plateau
n- Lateral femoral condyle

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9
Q

name a-c

A

a- Shaft of the fibula
b- Lateral malleolus
c- Talus

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10
Q

Name d-g

A

d-Medial malleolus
e- Shaft of tibia
f- Shaft of fibula
g- Lateral malleolus

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11
Q

Where does the Patellar ligament insert? Where is it located?

A

Tibial tuberosity
Anterior surface of the tibia

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12
Q

What part of the Tibia forms a socket for the Talus?

A

Medial malleolus

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13
Q

Does the Fibula contribute to the knee joint?

A

No!

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14
Q

What part of Fibula forms as a socket for the talus?

A

Lateral malleolus

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15
Q

What do the Small joints of the foot allow it to do?

A

Allow it to deform and absorb shock when walking over uneven ground

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16
Q

What are the two arches of the foot called when we stand? What is this arranged by? for?

A

Longitudinal and transverse arches of the foot
Bones of the foot
Shock absorption

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17
Q

Name a-c

A

a- Distal Phalanx
b- Proximal Phalanx
c- 1st Metatarsal

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18
Q

Name d-f

A

d- Medial cuneiform
e- Intermediate cuneiform
f- Navicular

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19
Q

g-i

A

g- Calcaneus
h- Cuboid
i- Lateral cuneiform

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20
Q

Name j-m

A

j- 5th metatarsal
k- proximal phalanx
l- Middle phalanx
m- Distal phalanx

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21
Q

What do Navicular and Cuneiform mean respectively?

A

Navicular- Boat shaped
Cuneiform- Wedge shaped

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22
Q

What comprises the forefoot?

A

Metatarsals and Phalanges

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23
Q

How are the Metatarsals labeled from where to where?

A

1-5
(Medial- great toe) and (Lateral- little toe)

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24
Q

What are the joints between the Metatarsals and Phalanges and Joints between Phalanges respectively?

A

Metatarsophalangeal
Interphalangeal joints

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25
Q

What is the joint called on metatarsal one?

A

Interphalangeal joint of the great toe

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26
Q

4 movements of toes

A

Flexion
Extension
Abduction
Adduction

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27
Q

Name a-f

A

a- Fibula
b- Lateral malleolus
c- Calcaneus
d- cuboid
e- Lateral cuneiform
f- Phalanges

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28
Q

Name g-l

A

g- Metatarsals
h- Intermediate cuneiform
i- Medial cuneiform
j- Navicular
k- Talus
l- TIbia

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29
Q

Name a-c

A

a- Posterior inferior tibiofibular ligament
b- Posterior talofibular ligament
c- Calcaneofibular ligament

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30
Q

Name d and e

A

d- Anterior talofibular ligament
e- Anterior inferior tibiofibular ligament

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31
Q

What type of joint is the Ankle joint?

A

Synovial hinge joint

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32
Q

What is the ankle joint between?

A

Distal tibia, Distal fibula and Talus

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33
Q

What is the socket called formed by the tibia and fibula called?

A

Ankle mortise

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34
Q

How is the Ankle mortise used? What is the joint supported by?

A

Grips the Talus
Medial and Lateral ligaments

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35
Q

Two movements at the ankle joint?- briefly explain each?

A

Dorsiflexion- toes closer to shin
Plantarflexion- Pointing toes

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36
Q

Is there any extension at the ankle joint?

A

No just two types of flexion

37
Q

What do these ligaments support? Where do they attach?

A

Lateral aspect
Lateral malleolus

38
Q

What ligaments support the Medial aspect of the ankle joint? How many? What do they attach to?

A

Deltoid ligament- 4
Medial malleolus

39
Q

What are these? name a and b?

A

Deltoid ligaments
a- Posterior tibiotalar ligament
b- Tibiocalcaneal ligament

40
Q

Name c and d

A

c- Anterior Tibiotalar ligament
d- Tibionavicular ligament

41
Q

What is the Subtalar joint formed between?

A

Talus with the calcaneum and navicular

42
Q

What movements occurs at the Subtalar joint?

A

Inversion and Eversion

43
Q

What do Inversion and Eversion mean respectively?

A

Inversion- brings sole of foot medially
Eversion- raised lateral border and brings sole of foot laterally

44
Q

Name a-b and what each forms

A

a Semimembranosus and semitendinosus - superior medial border of popliteal triangle
b- Gastrocnemius- Inferior medial border of popliteal triangle

45
Q

Name c and e and what they form?

A

c- Gastrocnemius- Inferior lateral border
e- Biceps femoris- Superior lateral border

46
Q

What does this show?

A

Popliteal fossa

47
Q

Name b
Continuation of?
Bifurcates into?
Traverses the?

A

Popliteal artery
Femoral artery
anterior and posterior tibial arteries
Traverses the adductor hiatus

48
Q

Name c
Formed by?
Traverses?
Continues as?

A

Popliteal vein
Deep veins of legs
Traverses the adductor hiatus
Continues as Femoral vein

49
Q

Name d and e

A

d-Small saphenous vein
e- Plantaris

50
Q

What is g? What does it innervate? Where does it travel?

A

g-tibial nerve
Posterior leg
Travels through the midline of the popliteal fossa

51
Q

What is f? Where does it travel?

A

Common fibular nerve
Superior lateral border of Popliteal fossa (alongside biceps femoris)

52
Q

Where does the common fibular nerve wrap around? Then what does it split into?

A

Wraps around fibula
Splits into superficial and deep branch

53
Q

What does the superficial and deep fibular nerves innervate repectively?

A

Superficial- Muscles of lateral leg
Deep fibular- Muscles of anterior leg

54
Q

What is the Common fibular nerve also reffered to as?

A

Peroneal

55
Q

What separates the leg into how many compartments?

A

Intermuscular septa splits into into the anterior lateral and posterior compartments

56
Q

name a-c

A

a- fibula
b- Extensor digitorum longus
c- Lateral malleolus

57
Q

Name d-f

A

d- tendon of tibialis anterior
e- Medial malleolus
f- Extensor hallucis longus

58
Q

Name g and h

A

g- Tibialis anterior
h- Tibia

59
Q

Primary function of the Anterior leg muscles? What are they innervated by?

A

Dorsiflexors of the foot and extensors of the toes
Deep fibular nerve

60
Q

What muscle is this? Where does it insert?

A

Tibialis anterior
Medial cuneiform

61
Q

2 functions of the tibialis anterior?

A

Dorsiflexes and Inverts the foot

62
Q

Which muscle extends the great toe? Where does it insert?

A

Extensor Hallucis Longus
Distal phalanx of great toe

63
Q

Other function of the Extensor Hallucis longus?

A

Dorsiflexion

64
Q

Which muscle Inserts on the distal phalanges of toes 2-5?

A

Extensor Digitorum longus

65
Q

What covers the extensor tendons of the ankle joint>

A

Extensor retinacula

66
Q

What is the fourth muscle of the Anterior leg? Function? Is it present in everyone?

A

Fibularis tertius
Weak dorsiflexion and eversion
No

67
Q

Name b
Where does it insertb.

A

Fibularis Longus
5th metatarsal

68
Q

Name a
Where does it insert?

A

Fibularis Brevis
Plantar surface of the medial cuneiform bone

69
Q

Where do the Muscles of the lateral leg attach?

A

Fibula

70
Q

Function of the Lateral muscles of the leg? What nerve innervates them?

A

Evert the foot at subtalar joint
Superficial fibular nerve

71
Q

Name a, d and f
What are these

A

a- Gastrocnemius
d- Soleus
f- Plantaris
Superficial muscles of the posterior Leg

72
Q

Name b,c,e

A

b- Calcaneal (Achilles) tendon-
c- Calcaneus
e- Plantaris tendon

73
Q

Where do the Three superficial muscles of the Posterior leg attach? Via what?

A

Calcaneus
Calcaneal/ achilles tendon

74
Q

What is the most superficial muscle of the posterior leg? What does it attach to?

A

Gastrocnemius
via two heads distal to femur

75
Q

Function of the soleus muscle? Where is it attached to?

A

Compresses deep veins of leg
Soleal line of the tibia

76
Q

What muscle is located close to the popliteal fossa? What does its tendon merge with? Is it essential?

A

Plantaris
Calcaneal tendon
Not essential

77
Q

Name a,b,c,d

A

a- Tibialis posterior
b- Flexor hallucis longus
c- Flexor digitorum longus
d- Popliteus

78
Q

Where do the latter three muscles of the deep posterior leg attach? Where do they travel?

A

Plantar surface
Posterior to medial malleolus

79
Q

Function of the Popliteus muscle?

A

Unlocking the knee by rotating the femur after it has locked into the tibia

80
Q

Main function of the muscles of the posterior compartment of the leg? What nerve innervates them?

A

Plantar flexors
Tibial

81
Q

Where do the Tibialis posterior and Flexor hallucis longus attach?

A

Multiple bones on foot
Distal phalanx of great toe

82
Q

Secondary function of tibialis posterior

A

Inversion of the foot

83
Q

Function of Flexor digitorum longus? Where does it attach?

A

Flexion of the toes and plantarflexion
Distal phalanges of toes 2-5

84
Q

Muscle present in the dorsum of the foot? Innervation?

A

Extensor digitorum brevis
Common fibular nerve

85
Q

What does the Sole of the foot contain? What does it mirror? and in how many layers?

A

Intrinsic muscles
muscles of hand
4 layers (don’t need to know names)

86
Q

What nerves innervates the muscles of the foot? What are they terminal branches of?

A

Medial and lateral plantar nerves
Tibial nerve

87
Q

What does the anterior tibial artery become distally? Where?

A

Dorsalis pedis
Anterior aspect of ankle

88
Q

Where can the dorsalis pedis be palpated?

A

Lateral to tendon of extensor hallucis longus

89
Q
A

Anatomy (20 decks)

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