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Anatomy > Anatomy of the Pharynx and Larynx (CVR) > Flashcards

Anatomy of the Pharynx and Larynx (CVR) Flashcards

1
Q

What is the Pharynx?

A

a muscular tube which lies in the neck

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2
Q

What are the outer and inner layers of muscles called in the Pharynx?

A

Outer- Circular
Inner -Longitudinal

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3
Q

What are the three muscles that make up the external circular muscle layer? What do they contract to and from?

A

Superior, Middle and Inferior Constrictor muscles
Contract from superior to inferior to allow food down the oesophagus

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4
Q

During swallowing what pushes food from the oral cavity to the oropharynx and what occurs to stop food entering the nasopharynx?

A

Tongue pushes food
Soft palate rises to prevent food entering nasopharynx

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5
Q

What is the function of the epiglottis?

A

Closes off the laryngeal inlet preventing food or liquids entering larynx

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6
Q

What are the three sections of the Pharynx?

A

Nasopharynx
Oropharynx
Laryngopharynx

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7
Q

Which two tonsils lie in the Nasopharynx? Where does each one lie?

A

Pharyngeal tonsil- roof of nasopharynx
Tubal tonsil- Surrounds opening of auditory tube

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8
Q

Which tonsil is found in the Oropharynx? What does it lie next to?

A

Palatine tonsil
Lies next to pharyngeal wall

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9
Q

Where are the Lingual tonsils found?

A

Posterior aspect of the tongue

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10
Q

What sensory and Motor fibres innervate the Pharynx respectively?

A

Sensory from Glossopharyngeal
Motor from the Vagus nerve

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11
Q

What 5 nerves lie close to the posterior pharyngeal wall?

A

Cervical part of Sympathetic trunk
Superior cervical ganglion
Superior Laryngeal nerve
Hypoglossal nerve
Glossopharyngeal nerve

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12
Q

What does the Superior laryngeal nerve descend over? Which two muscles does it pass through in the pharynx?

A

Descends over the posterior aspect of the internal carotid artery.
Passes between the inferior and middle constrictors of the pharynx

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13
Q

Where does the Glossopharyngeal nerve lie?

A

Deep to the internal carotid artery

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14
Q

What are the Three unaired cartilages of the Larynx?

A

Epiglottis
Thyroid
Cricoid

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15
Q

What are the three unpaired cartilages of the Larynx?

A

Arytenoids
Cuneiforms
Corniculates

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16
Q

What is the thyroid cartilage composed of? Where do they meet? What forms where they meet?

A

Two flat cartilages called laminae
Meet at Anterior midline to form Laryngeal Prominence

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17
Q

Posteriorly what does the Laminae of the Thyroid cartilage form?

A

Superior and Inferior horns

18
Q

What does the Superior horn of the Thyroid attach to?

A

Hyoid bone

19
Q

What do the inferior horns of the thyroid articulate with?

A

Cricoid cartilage

20
Q

Where what connect the Inferior border of the Thyroid with the Cricoid?

A

Cricothyroid membrane

21
Q

What is the Epiglottis attached to?

A

The superior aspect of the thyroid cartilage and the hyoid bone(Where the two thyroid laminae meet)

22
Q

Where do the Arytenoids sit? What other structure are they articulated with?

A

Superior surface of the cricoid cartilage
Articulated with Vocal cords

23
Q

What is the Internal aspect of the Larynx modified for?

A

Phonation

24
Q

What moves the laryngeal cartilages? What does the movement of Laryngeal cartilage cause the movement of?

A

Intrinsic muscles move the laryngeal cartilages
Laryngeal cartilages move the Vocal cords

25
Q

What are the two pairs of folds in the Larynx that project into the cavity?

A

Vestibular and Vocal folds

26
Q

What are the Vocal folds and Vestibular folds known as respectively?

A

Vocal folds- true vocal cords
Vestibular folds- false vocal cords

27
Q

What are the Vocal folds? What do they cover and protect? What is this combination known as?

A

Folds of Mucous membrane
Cover and protect vocal ligaments
Form true vocal cords

28
Q

What are the Vocal ligaments attached to anteriorly and posteriorly respectively?

A

Anteriorly- Internal aspect of the laryngeal prominence
Posteriorly- Arytenoid cartilages

29
Q

What is the space called inbetween the true vocal cords?

A

Rima Glottidis

30
Q

What causes the Rima glottidis to close and what causes the Rima glottidis to open?

A

Close- Adduction of Vocal cords
Open- Abduction of Vocal cords

31
Q

What does Phonation require the Vocal cords to do?

A

Adduct causing the closure of the Rima Glottidis

32
Q

What occurs when the Vocal cords abduct and the Rima Glottidis is
1. Open to a small degree
2. Partially open
3. Fully open

A
  1. Whispering
    2.Normal breathing
  2. Forced breathing
33
Q

What are the two Extrinsic muscles that act on the Larynx? What do they cause to move?

A

Suprahyoid and Infrahyoid muscles
Move the Larynx as one

34
Q

What muscles move the individual Laryngeal cartilages?

A

Intrinsic muscles

35
Q

Contraction of which muscles places tension on the vocal cords?

A

Left and right cricothyroid muscles

36
Q

What muscles are found on the posterior surface of the Cricoid? What is each one attached to?

A

Left and right posterior cricoarytenoids
Each attached to the arytenoid

37
Q

What happens when the posterior cricoarytenoids contract?

A

Abducts the vocal cords and opens the Rima Glottidis

38
Q

Which muscle connects the two arytenoid cartilages? What happens when they contract?

A

Transverse arytenoid
Adduct the vocal cords closing the Rima glottidis

39
Q

What nerve is sensory to the larynx above the vocal cords? What muscle does it innervate?

A

Superior Laryngeal neve
Cricothyroid muscle

40
Q

What nerve is sensory to the Larynx below the Vocal cords? What muscles does this nerve innervate?

A

Recurrent laryngeal nerve
Innervates all intrinsic muscles except cricothyroid

41
Q
A

Anatomy (20 decks)

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