Anatomy of the Pharynx and Larynx (CVR) Flashcards
What is the Pharynx?
a muscular tube which lies in the neck
What are the outer and inner layers of muscles called in the Pharynx?
Outer- Circular
Inner -Longitudinal
What are the three muscles that make up the external circular muscle layer? What do they contract to and from?
Superior, Middle and Inferior Constrictor muscles
Contract from superior to inferior to allow food down the oesophagus
During swallowing what pushes food from the oral cavity to the oropharynx and what occurs to stop food entering the nasopharynx?
Tongue pushes food
Soft palate rises to prevent food entering nasopharynx
What is the function of the epiglottis?
Closes off the laryngeal inlet preventing food or liquids entering larynx
What are the three sections of the Pharynx?
Nasopharynx
Oropharynx
Laryngopharynx
Which two tonsils lie in the Nasopharynx? Where does each one lie?
Pharyngeal tonsil- roof of nasopharynx
Tubal tonsil- Surrounds opening of auditory tube
Which tonsil is found in the Oropharynx? What does it lie next to?
Palatine tonsil
Lies next to pharyngeal wall
Where are the Lingual tonsils found?
Posterior aspect of the tongue
What sensory and Motor fibres innervate the Pharynx respectively?
Sensory from Glossopharyngeal
Motor from the Vagus nerve
What 5 nerves lie close to the posterior pharyngeal wall?
Cervical part of Sympathetic trunk
Superior cervical ganglion
Superior Laryngeal nerve
Hypoglossal nerve
Glossopharyngeal nerve
What does the Superior laryngeal nerve descend over? Which two muscles does it pass through in the pharynx?
Descends over the posterior aspect of the internal carotid artery.
Passes between the inferior and middle constrictors of the pharynx
Where does the Glossopharyngeal nerve lie?
Deep to the internal carotid artery
What are the Three unaired cartilages of the Larynx?
Epiglottis
Thyroid
Cricoid
What are the three unpaired cartilages of the Larynx?
Arytenoids
Cuneiforms
Corniculates
What is the thyroid cartilage composed of? Where do they meet? What forms where they meet?
Two flat cartilages called laminae
Meet at Anterior midline to form Laryngeal Prominence
Posteriorly what does the Laminae of the Thyroid cartilage form?
Superior and Inferior horns
What does the Superior horn of the Thyroid attach to?
Hyoid bone
What do the inferior horns of the thyroid articulate with?
Cricoid cartilage
Where what connect the Inferior border of the Thyroid with the Cricoid?
Cricothyroid membrane
What is the Epiglottis attached to?
The superior aspect of the thyroid cartilage and the hyoid bone(Where the two thyroid laminae meet)
Where do the Arytenoids sit? What other structure are they articulated with?
Superior surface of the cricoid cartilage
Articulated with Vocal cords
What is the Internal aspect of the Larynx modified for?
Phonation
What moves the laryngeal cartilages? What does the movement of Laryngeal cartilage cause the movement of?
Intrinsic muscles move the laryngeal cartilages
Laryngeal cartilages move the Vocal cords
What are the two pairs of folds in the Larynx that project into the cavity?
Vestibular and Vocal folds
What are the Vocal folds and Vestibular folds known as respectively?
Vocal folds- true vocal cords
Vestibular folds- false vocal cords
What are the Vocal folds? What do they cover and protect? What is this combination known as?
Folds of Mucous membrane
Cover and protect vocal ligaments
Form true vocal cords
What are the Vocal ligaments attached to anteriorly and posteriorly respectively?
Anteriorly- Internal aspect of the laryngeal prominence
Posteriorly- Arytenoid cartilages
What is the space called inbetween the true vocal cords?
Rima Glottidis
What causes the Rima glottidis to close and what causes the Rima glottidis to open?
Close- Adduction of Vocal cords
Open- Abduction of Vocal cords
What does Phonation require the Vocal cords to do?
Adduct causing the closure of the Rima Glottidis
What occurs when the Vocal cords abduct and the Rima Glottidis is
1. Open to a small degree
2. Partially open
3. Fully open
- Whispering
2.Normal breathing - Forced breathing
What are the two Extrinsic muscles that act on the Larynx? What do they cause to move?
Suprahyoid and Infrahyoid muscles
Move the Larynx as one
What muscles move the individual Laryngeal cartilages?
Intrinsic muscles
Contraction of which muscles places tension on the vocal cords?
Left and right cricothyroid muscles
What muscles are found on the posterior surface of the Cricoid? What is each one attached to?
Left and right posterior cricoarytenoids
Each attached to the arytenoid
What happens when the posterior cricoarytenoids contract?
Abducts the vocal cords and opens the Rima Glottidis
Which muscle connects the two arytenoid cartilages? What happens when they contract?
Transverse arytenoid
Adduct the vocal cords closing the Rima glottidis
What nerve is sensory to the larynx above the vocal cords? What muscle does it innervate?
Superior Laryngeal neve
Cricothyroid muscle
What nerve is sensory to the Larynx below the Vocal cords? What muscles does this nerve innervate?
Recurrent laryngeal nerve
Innervates all intrinsic muscles except cricothyroid
