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Anatomy > The Anterior abdominal wall and the Peritoneal Cavity (GI) > Flashcards

The Anterior abdominal wall and the Peritoneal Cavity (GI) Flashcards

1
Q

What organs are part of the gastrointestinal tract?

A

Stomach and the small and large intestine

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2
Q

What organs are part of the hepatobillary system?

A

Liver and Gallbladder

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3
Q

What organs are a part of the urinary system in the abdominal cavity?

A

Kidney and ureters

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4
Q

What organs are part of the endocrine system in the abdominal cavity?

A

Pancreas and Adrenal glands

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5
Q

What is the spleen?

A

A haematopoetic and lymphoid organ in the abdominal cavity

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6
Q

What great vessels are found in the abdominal cavity?

A

Abdominal aorta and inferior vena cava

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7
Q

What are the anterior, lateral and posterior walls of the abdomen consisted with? (4)

A

Skin, subcutaneous tissue and muscles with associated aponeuroses

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8
Q

What is an aponeuroses

A

Flat tendon

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9
Q

Which vertebrae contribute to the posterior wall of the abdomen?

A

All 5 lumbar vertebrae

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10
Q

Three functions of the abdominal wall?

A

Protect abdominal viscera
Increase intra-abdominal pressure
Maintain posture and move trunk

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11
Q

What lines the internal aspect of the abdominal wall

A

Parietal Peritoneum

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12
Q

What six bones define the boundaries of the abdominal cavity?

A

Xiphoid process
Costal margin
Iliac crest
Anterior superior iliac spines
Pubic tubercles
Pubic symphysis

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13
Q

Where is the vertical line that splits the anterior abdominal wall into 4 quadrants?

A

In the midline, through the lower sternum umbilicus and pubic symphysis

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14
Q

What does the horizontal line that splits the anterior abdominal wall into 4 cavities run through?

A

Umbilicus

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15
Q

Where do the two vertical lines in the nine region abdominal wall run down?

A

Midclavicular lines

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16
Q

Where do the two vertical lines in the nine region abdominal wall run to?

A

Mid-ingual point (halfway between the anterior superior iliac spine and the pubic tubercule)

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17
Q

What are the two horizontal lines that run through the abdominal wall called in the nine regions?

A

Subcostal (superior)
Intertubecular line (Inferior)

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18
Q

Where does the subcostal line run through?

A

The 10th costal cartilage
L3

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19
Q

Where does the Intertubecular line run through?

A

Tubercules of the right and left iliac crests
Body of L5

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20
Q

Superior regions of the abdominal wall in the nine regions? (Left to right)

A

Right Hypochondrium
Epigastrium
Left Hypochondrium

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21
Q

Middle regions of the nine regions of the abdominal wall from left to right?

A

Right flank, Umbilical region and Left flank

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22
Q

Inferior regions of the nine regions of the abdominal wall from left to right?

A

Right iliac fossa, Suprapubic region and Left iliac fossa

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23
Q

Where does the Transpyloric plane lie halfway between?

A

Superior body of manubrium and the pubic symphysis

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24
Q

What does the transpyloric plane transect? (4)

A

Pylorus of Stomach
Gallbladder
Pancreas
Hila of kidneys

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25
Q

Where does the Transpyloric plane pass through?

A

9th costal cartilage

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26
Q

What level does the Transumbilical lie at

A

L3

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27
Q

Where does the Intercristal plane go to and from?

A

Horizontal line between the highest points of the right and left iliac crests

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28
Q

What is mcburney’s point?

A

Surface marking of the base of the appendix

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29
Q

Where does mcburneys point lie?

A

2/3 of the way along a line drawn from the umbilicus to the right anterior superior iliac spine

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30
Q

Four pairs of muscle that comprise the anterolateral abdominal wall

A

External oblique
Internal oblique
Transverse abdominis
Rectus abdominis

31
Q

Where are the rectus abdominis muscles attached to superiorly and inferiorly?

A

Superiorly- sternum and costal margin
Inferiorly-Pubis

32
Q

Where do the other three muscles lie in regards to the rectus abdominus?

A

Lateral to the Rectus abdominis

33
Q

What direction do the fibers of the external oblique muscles run?

A

Medially and inferiorly towards the midline

34
Q

How do the fibers in the Internal Oblique muscles differ from that in the External oblique?

A

Fibers are perpendicular
Run medially and superiorly

34
Q

What muscle lies deep to the internal oblique and what direction do the fibers run?

A

Transversus abdominis
Fibers run horizontally

35
Q

What is the Linea alba

A

A tough midline raphe (seam) formed by aponeuroses on each side fusing together

36
Q

What are the rectus abdominis muscles composed of

A

Muscle segments interspersed with horizontal tendinous bands.

37
Q

What are the rectus abdominis flexors of?

A

The lumbar spine

38
Q

What are the anterior and posterior walls of the rectus sheath formed by?

A

Aponeuroses of EO,IO AND Transverse abdominis

39
Q

What does the aponeurosis of the IO split into as it approaches the midline?

A

Anterior and posterior layers

40
Q

What forms the anterior wall of the rectus sheath?

A

Anterior wall of the rectus sheath

41
Q

What forms the posterior wall of the rectus sheath?

A

Posterior layer of the IO aponeurosis and the transversus abdominis aponeurosis

42
Q

What lies deep to the transversus abdominis

A

Transversalis fascia

43
Q

What lies deep to the transversalis fascia?

A

Parietal peritoneum

44
Q

What is formed when the most inferior part of the EO aponeurosis is attached to the anterior superior iliac spine laterally and pubic tubercle medially?

A

Inguinal ligament

45
Q

What are the three arteries that supply the anterior abdominal wall

A

Musculophrenic artery
Superior epigastric
Inferior epigastric

46
Q

What is the musculophrenic artery a branch of?

A

Internal thoracic

47
Q

What is the superior epigastric artery a continuation of?

A

Internal Thoracic artery

48
Q

What is the inferior epigastric a branch of and which other artery does it anastomose with?

A

Branch of external iliac artery and anastomoses with the superior epigastric artery

49
Q

Which nerves innervate the anterior abdominal wall?(4)

A

Thoraco-abdominal
Subcostal
Iliohypogastric and iloinguinal nerves

50
Q

Where do the Thoraco-abdominal nerves originate from? What types of nerves are they?

A

T7-T11
Somatic nerves

51
Q

Where does the subcostal nerve originate?

A

T12 spinal nerve

52
Q

What are the iliohypogastric and iloinguinal nerves branches of?

A

L1 spinal nerve

53
Q

What is the inguinal canal?

A

Oblique passageway through the muscles of the anterior abdominal wall

54
Q

Anterior border of the inguinal canal

A

External oblique aponeurosis
Internal Oblique aponeurosis laterally only

55
Q

Posterior border of the Inguinal canal

A

Transversalis fascia
Medial fibres of the aponeurosis of the internal oblique and transversus abdominis

56
Q

Roof of Inguinal canal borders

A

Transversalis fascia
Arching fibres of the internal oblique and transversus abdominis

57
Q

Floor border of the Inguinal canal

A

Inguinal ligament

58
Q

What is the Peritoneum?

A

Serous membrane that lines the abdominal wall and covers viscera within it.

59
Q

What is the Parietal Peritoneum innervated by?

A

Somatic nerves that also supply overlying muscles and skin of the abdominal wall

60
Q

What innervates the Visceral peritoneum

A

Visceral sensory nerves

61
Q

What lies between the parietal and visceral peritoneum? What does it contain?

A

Peritoneal cavity
Peritoneal fluid (allows the viscera to slide freely alongside one aother)

62
Q

What does Intraperitoneal mean in terms of the extent that viscera is covered in peritoneum?

A

Almost completely covered

63
Q

What does Retroperitoneal mean?

A

Only covered by the peritoneum on the anterior surface

64
Q

Example of Intraperitoneal organ

A

Stomach

65
Q

Examples of two retroperitoneal Organs

A

Pancreas and abdominal aorta

66
Q

What are Mesentries? Function?

A

Folds of peritoneum that contain fat
Attaches Small Intestine and parts of Large intestine to the posterior abdominal wall

67
Q

What do the mesentries have embedded in them

A

Arteries (that supply the small intestine)
Veins that drain the gut

68
Q

What is the structure and function of the Greater and Lesser Omentum?

A

Folds of peritoneum that connect the stomach to other organs

69
Q

Where does the Greater omentum hang from?

A

Greater curvature of the stomach

70
Q

What is the greater omentum superficial to?

A

Small intestine

71
Q

What does the Lesser Omentum connect?

A

Stomach and Duodenum to the liver

72
Q
A

Anatomy (20 decks)

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