Male and female External Genitalia and Pelvis Organs (Uro) Flashcards
Name Structures a-h of the Inguinal canal
a- Contents of spermatic cord
b- Internal spermatic fascia
c-Cremasteric muscle and fascia
d- External spermatic fascia
e- Superficial Inguinal ring
f-Femoral vessels
g-External oblique Aponeurosis
h-Transversalis fascia
Name structures i-p
i-External oblique
j- Internal oblique
k-Transversus abdominis
l- Peritoneum
m- Deep inguinal ring
n-Inferior epigastric vessels
o- Rectus abdominis
p- Urachus
How long is the Inguinal canal? Where does it lie?
5cm
Superior to the medial half of the inguinal ligament (diagram shows inguinal ligament)
What direction does the inguinal canal travel? Where does it extend to and from? What is each of these structures composed of?
Medially and Inferiorly
Deep inguinal ring (Laterally)- aperture of tranvsersalis fascia
to the superficial inguinal ring (Aperture of external oblique muscle)
What are the anterior and posterior borders of the Inguinal canal? (2 each)
Anterior- External oblique aponeurosis and Internal oblique aponeurosis (Laterally only)
Posterior- Transversalis Fascia and Medial fibres of the aponeurosis of the IO and TA muscles (Medially only)
What borders the roof and floor of the Inguinal canal? (2&1)
Roof- Transversalis fascia arching fibres of the IO and TA
Floor- Inguinal ligament
3 contents of the Inguinal canal in females
- Round ligament of uterus
- Ilioinguinal nerve
- Genital branch of genitofemoral nerve
Where do all the contents of the Inguinal canal in the Male lie? Except for what?
Spermatic cord
Except for Ilioinguinal nerve
What are the three Fascia of the spermatic cord?
External spermatic fascia
Cremaster muscle and fascia
Internal spermatic fascia
What are the two nerves and Three arteries found in the Spermatic cord respectively?
Nerves: Genital branch of genitofemoral nerve and sympathetic nerve fibres
Arteries: Testicular, cremasteric artery and Artery to the vas deferens
Four other structures found in the Spermatic cord
Pampiniform Venous plexus
Lymphatics
Vas deferens
Processus vaginalis
Name structures a-l
a- External spermatic fascia
b- Cremaster
c- Internal Spermatic fascia
d- Tail of epididymis
e- Tunica Vaginalis
f- Testis
g- Head of epidydimis
h-Paminiform plexus
i-Vas deferens
j- Testicular artery
k- Spermatic cord
l- Superficial inguinal ring
Where are the testes located? Describe the skin?
Scrotum
Scrotal skin is thin, wrinkled and darker than skin elswehere
What two layers are deep to the skin of the scrotum? Where does the superficial layer extend to? What does each half contain?
Superficial fascia and involuntary muscle called dartos
Extends between testes to form a septum
Each half contains a testis, epididymis and spermatic cord
What are the Functions of the testes (2)? What are they surrounded by? What is the extra partial covering called where is it derived from?
Produce sperm and secrete testosterone
Same three layers as the spermatic cord
Partially covered by tunica vaginalis
What is the epididymis? Where does it lie? What is its function?
Coiled tube along the posterior border of each testis
Stores sperm (Which is produced in the testis)
What carries Sperm from the epididymis out of the testicles?
Vas deferens
Where do the testicular arteries branch from? Where does venous blood from the testes and epididymis drain into? What does this join on to?
Abdominal aorta
Pampiniform venous plexus
Right and left testicular veins
Where do the Right and left testicular veins drain into respectively?
Right- IVC
Left- Left renal vein
What is the penis composed of? (3) What are there names?
Three cylinders of erectile tissue:
1. two Corpora cavernosa (dorsally/’top of penis)
2. Corpus spongiosum (ventrally)
What is the fascia that surround the cylinders of erectile tissue called? What is the end of the penis called and what is it an expansion of?
Bucks fascia
Glans
Corpus spongiosum
What is the circular base of the glans called? What is the skin called that extends over the glans?
Corona
Foreskin
name structures a-e
a- Urethra
b- Corpus spongiosum
c- Deep fascia (bucks fascia)
d-Tunica albuginea
e- Cavernous artery
Name structures f-k
f- Corpus cavernosum
g- Dorsal nerve
h- Dorsal artery
i- Deep dorsal vein
j- Superficial dorsal vein
k- Shaft of penis
Where do the corpora cavernosa originate along? Where do they converge?
Left and right Ischial rami
In the midline
What are the parts of the corpora cavernosa attached to the ischial rami known as? What do the corpora cavernosa contribute to distally?
Crura
Body of penis
Where does the corpus spongiosum sit? What does the ‘bulb’ of the penis mean in terms of the corpus spongiosum?
In the midline
The expanded part of the Corpus spongiosum that rests on the perineal membrane
Where does the penile urethra lie? What controls the opening of the urethra at the end of the penis?
Within the corpus spongiosum
External urethral meatus
Name structures a-d
a- Superificial transverse perineal muscle
b- Bulbospongiosus
c- Ischiocavernosus
d- Perinal body
What muscles cover the Corpora cavernosa and corpus spongiosum respectively?
Ischiocavernosus musle and bulospongiosus muscle
Functions of the Ischiocavernous and Bulbospingiosus muscles respectively (1 & 3)
Ischiocavernosus-
-Forced blood into body of penis from crura
Bulbospongiosus-
-Forces blood into glans penis, -assists in maintaining an erection (Pressing on veins that drain erectile tissue) and
-contracts to squeeze any urine or semen from urethra
What is the arterial supply of penis? What do they branch from? What are two branches of the artery that supplies the penis?
Internal pudendal arteries
Internal iliac arteries (Branch of)
Deep artery of the penis and artery of the bulb of the penis
What nerve supplies sensory and sympathetic innervation to the penis? Where does it originate (level and branch of)?
Dorsal nerve of the penis
S2-S4
Pudendal nerve
What nerve carries parasympathetic innervation to the Penis? What does it do? What nerve innervates the Ischiocavernosus and the Bulbospongiosus muscles?
Peri-prostatic nerve plexus
Dilates the arteries of the corpora- causing an erection
Pudendal nerve (S2-S4)
What is the Corpora cavernosa responsible for during an erection (2)? How does it do this?
Size and rigidity of penis
Engorged with blood
Does the corpus spongiosum get engorged in blood during an erection in males? What is its Main role during an erection?
Yes, but not as much as corpus cavernosa
Prevent urethra being compressed (Which would prevent ejaculation.
What seven organs does the male pelvis contain?
- Abdominal part of the paired vasa deferentia
- Seminal vesicles
- Ejaculatory ducts
- Bulbo-urethral glands
- Prostate gland
- Bladder
- Rectum
Name structures a-h
a- Seminal vesicle
b- Ejaculatory duct
c-Prostate
d-Testis
e-Epididymis
f-Navicular fossa
g-Glans
h- Vas deferens
Name structures i-o
I- Corpus spongiosum
j-penile urethra
k-Corpus cavernosum
L-Membranous urethra
m-Prostatic urethra
n-Urinary bladder
o-Peritoneum
Describe the route and function of the Vas deferens from the epididymis to the bladder (5 steps).
Carries sperm
from the epididymis up the spermatic cord, through the inguinal canal
into the pelvis passes
through the wall of the pelvis
turns medially onto the back of the bladder
What is the dilated part of the Vas deferens called when it is near the bladder? Where does it lie?
Ampulla
Medial to seminal vesicles
What does the Vas deferens join with at the ampulla? Which forms?
Seminal vesicle
Ejaculatory duct
What is the Seminal vesicle? How long is it? What is its function?
Lobulated sac
4cm long
Secretes alkaline fluid that forms the bulk of seminal fluid (semen)
What does the Ejaculatory duct pierce? To enter what?
Pierces back of prostate gland
Enter prostatic urethra
What is the prostate? How big is it? Where does it lie? What is its function?
Fibromuscular gland
walnut size
Neck of bladder
Secretions are added to seminal fluid
Name structure a-e
a- Hood of clitoris
b-Clitoris
c-Labia minora
d- Urethra opening
e- Labia majora
f-Vaginal opening
Describe the labia minora. What does it fuse with to form what?
Hairless folds medial to labia majora
Fuse together to form hood of the clitoris
Describe the Clitoris. What two structures is it composed of? What happens to it during sexual arousal?
Pea sized highly sensitive
Corpora cavernosa and corpus spongiosum
Becomes engorged
Where does the vestibule lie? What 3 structures does it contain?
Between labia minora
Contains: Vaginal opening, urinary meatus and vestibular glands
What is the Hymen? What often happens to it?
Membrane that partially covers the vaginal opening
Ruptures
Where are the greater Vestibular glands located? What are they also known as? What is their function?
Posterior to vaginal opening
Bartholin’s glands
Secrete lubricant into vagina during sexual arousal
What is the Mons pubis? What does it cause?
Mound of fatty tissue located in the front of the pubic symphysis
Elevation of hair bearing skin
Where does the corpora cavernosa run in females? What is the body of the clitoris?
Along left and right ischial rami (same as males) and converges in midline
Body formed by distal parts
Where does the corpus spongiosum lie? What does it split to flank? What is this part called? What do the anterior parts form?
In the midline
Splits around the vaginal opening
Bulbs of the vestibule
Anterior parts form the glans clitoris
What muscle covers the Corpora cavernosa and the corpus spongiosus muscles respectively? What does each do?
Corpora cavernosa- Ischiocavernosus forced blood from the crura to the body of the clitoris
Corpus spongiosum- Bulbospongiosus muscle- forced blood to the glans clitoris helping to maintain clitoris erection, helps fluid be released from greater vestibular glands
What four nerves innervate the Vulva?
- Ilioinguinal
- Genital branch of the genitofemoral nerve
- Pudendal nerve
- Posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh
What are the 7 organs found in the female pelvis?
1.Ovaries
2. Uterus
3. Uterine tubes
4. Cervix
5. Part of vagina
6. Bladder
7. Rectum
Name structures a-f
a- Fimbriae
b- Uterine tube
c- Ovary
d- Uterus
e- Urinary bladder
f-Cervix
Name structures g-n
g- Urethra
h- Clitoris
i- Vagina
j- Labia Minora
k- Labia majora
L- Bartholin’s gland
M- Rectum
N-Anus
What shape are the Ovaries? How long and how wide are they?
Almond-shaped
4cm long 2cm wide
What are the ovaries attached to? By what? What is this?
Posterior aspect of broad ligament
By the mesovarium
A short mesentery
Where do the Ovaries lie? Is its position fixed? What is this formed by? What are in close relations to this structure (2)?
Ovarian fossa
No
Angle between the Internal and External Iliac arteries
Ureter and Obturator nerve
What shape is the Uterus? Describe its structure and how long is it?
Pear shaped
Hollow muscular organ
8cm long
What does the Uterus communicate with laterally and inferiorly respectively? What is the Uterus made up of?
Laterally- Uterine tubes
Inferiorly- Vagina
Fundus, body and cervix
How is the body of the Uterus angled? Where does it rest?
Angled anteriorly
Rests on superior surface of bladder
How can the junction between the body and cervix be tilted? What is the Uterus covered in a fold of? What does it form? How?
Anteriorly or posteriorly (anteverted or retro-verted)
Peritoneum
The broad ligament- Adheres to Uterus on each side
What is the space called between the rectum and uterus called? What is it lined with? What is it the deepest point of?
Rectouterine pouch
Peritoneum
Deepest point of peritoneal cavity
What is the function of the Fallopian tubes? ow long are they?
Carry Ova from ovary towards uterine cavity
10cm
Where do the Fallopian tubes rung along? What do the Uterine tubes have near the Uterus?
Upper border of the broad ligament
Narrow Isthmus near the Uterus
What do the Fallopian tubes have Laterally? That enters into what?
Dilated ampulla
Leads into a funnel-shaped infundibulum
What is the free edge of the infundibulum broken up into? What do they drape over?
Fimbriae- finger like projections
Draped over ovary
What is the Cervical canal? What two structures does it communicate with? Via what two structures?
Narrow lumen in cervix
Uterine cavity- via internal os
Vagina- Via external os
Where does the Lower part of the cervix lie? What does this create?
Vagina
recess-vaginal fornices around the cervix
What muscle and other structures stabilises the tone of the cervix? Where do they run to and from?
Levator ani muscle and ligaments
Lateral wall of cervix to the base of the broad ligament
What is the excretory duct of the uterus? How long is it?
Vagina
10cm
What borders the vagina superiorly? Where does it terminate? Where does it open up into?
Cervix
Introitus
Vestibule (between labia minora)
What does the Vagina pass through? Where does the upper 2/3s lie? Where do the lower 2/3s lie?
Pelvic floor
Pelvic cavity
Perineum
What is posterior to the vagina? Where is the Urethra embedded?
Bladder
Anterior wall of the lower 1/3 of vagina
