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Biology > The Nervous System > Flashcards

The Nervous System Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is the CNS

A

Consists of the brain and spinal cord

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2
Q

What is the PNS

A

Consists of a vast network of nerves that carry messages between CNS and the rest of the body

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3
Q

To carry out a response to a stimulus what are the four processes

A

Reception
Transmission
Integration
Response

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4
Q

What is reception

A

Stimulus detected by neurons receptors snd sense organs

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5
Q

What is transmission

A

Message passes alone neurons

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6
Q

What is integration

A

Incoming messages are sorted snd processed and a response is decided

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7
Q

What is response

A

Carried out by effectors

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8
Q

What is the different between a motar neuron and a sensory neuron

A

Motar brings from CNS to muscle or gland

Sense brungs from organ to CNS

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9
Q

Whats the function of a nerve ending

A

Connects sensory neurons to receptor cells or sense organs

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10
Q

What are dendrites

A

Fibres that carry impulses towards body cells

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11
Q

What do axons do

A

Carry impulses away from cell bodies

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12
Q

What do schwann cells do

A

Produce myelin sheath

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13
Q

What does the myelin sheath do

A

Fat rich layer that insulates electrical impulses

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14
Q

What does the cell body do

A

Contains nucelus and mitochondria

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15
Q

What dies the axon terminal do

A

Carry impulse to a swelling

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16
Q

What do neruotransmitter swellings do

A

Release chemicals that carry impulses from one nerve to another

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17
Q

What is a ganglion

A

Group of cell bodies located outside the CNS

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18
Q

What are interneurons

A

Short neurons found between motar and sensory neurons

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19
Q

What us a resting neuron

A

A neuron not carrying an impulse

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20
Q

What is the threshold

A

Minimum stimulus needed to carry an impulse

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21
Q

What is the term for how a nerve does not carry an impulse unless threshold is met

A

All or nothing law

22
Q

What is a refractory period

A

Is a short time span after a neuron has carried an impulse during which a stimulus fails to cause a response

23
Q

What is a synapse

A

Region where two neurons come into contact

24
Q

What is the synaptic cleft

A

Tony gal between two neurons

25
Q

Name two neurotransmitters

A

Noradrenalin

Dopamine

26
Q

What happens to meurotransmitters

A

Carry impulse to post synaptic neuron and is broken down by enzymes snd are reabsorbed back into neurotransmitter swellings

27
Q

What are the functions of the synapses

A

Transmit impulses
Control direction of impulse
Prevent overstimulation
Impulse can be blocked by chemicals

28
Q

What is the name for the membrane which covers the spinal chord and brain

A

Meninges - there sre 3

29
Q

What is in between the two inner meninges

A

Cerebrospinal fluid

Shock absorber snd exchange medium between blood snd braim

30
Q

What is the largest part if brain

A

Cerebrum

31
Q

What are the two halves of the cerebrum called

A

Right and left cerebral hemisphere

32
Q

What are the functions of the cerebrum

A 
Controlling voluntary movement
Receiving and interpreting  impulses from sense organs 
Thinking 
Intelligence 
Memory 
Language 
Emotions 
Judgement 
Personality
33
Q

What does the right hemisphere control and what does the left hemisphere control

A

Right hem - left side of body

Left hem - right side of body

34
Q

What is left and right hem more dominant for

A

Left - hand use

Right - art music shape recognition and emotional response

35
Q

What oart if the brain is heavily folded

A

Cerebellum

36
Q

What does the cerebellum control

A

Muscular coordination
Involuntary responses when learned eg walking
Balance

37
Q

What does the medulla oblongota do

A

Connects spinal chord to rest of brain

Controls involuntary movements eg breathing swallowing salvation sneezing blood pressure coighing vomiting

38
Q

What gland is located in cerebrum

A

Thalamus - acts as sorting centre eg incoming impulses

39
Q

Whats belo the thalamus

A

Hypothalamus - regulates internal environment by monitoring blood pressure and body temo and appetite and thirst

40
Q

Os the pituitary gland part of the brain

A

No

41
Q

How is parkinsons caused

A

Failed production of dopamine

42
Q

What are sympotoms of parkinsons

A

Trembling hands
Stiff and rigid muscles
Shuffling
Unblinking stare

43
Q

Prevention to parkinsons

A

None

44
Q

Treatment to parkinsons

A

Physio and special excercises

45
Q

Where is the spinal chord located

A

Neural canal

46
Q

What does the spnial chord do

A

Transmits impulses to and from brain and controls reflex actions

47
Q

What is the outer rung and inner h section of a spinal chord

A

Outer - white matter AXONS ONLY

H- grey matter CELL BODIES

48
Q

What root carries
1 motar neurons out
2 sensory neurons in

A

1 ventral

2 dorsal

49
Q

What is reflex action

A

Involuntary action automatic in response to stimulus

50
Q

What are reflex actions

A

Knee jerk
Breathing
Blinking

51
Q

What reflex arc

A

Pathway taken by nerve impulse in a reflex action

Biology (22 decks)

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