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Biology > Cell Division > Flashcards

Cell Division Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is cell continuity

A

That cells developed from pre existing cells

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2
Q

What are chromosomes

A

Coiled threads of DNA and protein visable in the nucleus during cell division

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3
Q

What happens to a cell when it forms from an existing cell

A

Produced material needed
Grows larger
Reproduced new cells

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4
Q

What are chromosomes called when they are long and not dividing

A

Chromatin

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5
Q

What is a gene

A

Section of DNA that contains instructions of a protein

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6
Q

What is a haploid cell

A

A cell that has one set of chromosomes it has one of each type of chromosome in the nucleus

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7
Q

What is a diploid cell

A

A cell that has two sets of chromosomes in the nucleus

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8
Q

What is
A) haploid represented by
B) diploid represented by

A

A) n

B) 2n

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9
Q

What are chromosomes that have similar genes

A

Homologous pair

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10
Q

What is the cell cycle

A

The changes that take place Ina cell between one cell division and the next

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11
Q

What is interphase

A

When the cell is not dividing

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12
Q

What do cells do during interphase

A

Produced organelles such as mitochondria and chloroplasts and chemicals needed for growth (start)
Produce identical copies of itself (end)

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13
Q

What is mitosis

A

A form of nuclear division in which one nucleus divides into two containing the same number of chromosomes with identical greens

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14
Q

What happens in stage one of mitosis

A

Chromosomes contract and become visible in nucleus
Each chromosome appears as a double strand
Fibres begun to appear
Nuclear membrane begins to break down

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15
Q

What happens in stage 2 of mitosis

A

Membrane is fully broken down
Chromosomes line up across the middle
Two fibres attach to each chromosome

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16
Q

What happens in stage 3 of mitosis

A

Fibres contract chromosomes are pulled apart

Each half of a chromosome is pulled to a different side of the cell

17
Q

What happens in stage 4 of mitosis

A

Nuclear membrane surrounds each if the twinsets of chromosomes.
Chromosomes elongate and become chromatin

18
Q

What are the functions of mitosis

A

Unicellular organism use it as a method of reproduction. Eg amoeba

Multicellular cells use it for growth and repair e.g. A zygote into an embryo.

19
Q

What is cancer

A

Group of disorders in which cells lose their ability to control rate if mitosis and number of times it takes place.

20
Q

What is benign cancer

A

Non life threatening

21
Q

What is malignant cancer

A

Is an uncontrolled multiplication of abnormal cells

Could be life threatening

22
Q

What are cancer causing genes

A

Oncogenes

23
Q

What are cancer causing agents

A

Carcinogens Eg cigarettes

24
Q

What is meiosis

A

Nuclear division in which the four daughter cells contain half the chromosomes number of the patent nucleus

25
Q

Functions of meiosis

Allows new combination of genes

A

Sexual reproducing involving gametes

26
Q

What happens in prophase

A

Chromatin contracts
Chromosomes become visible as double strand structures across the centromere
Nucleus disappears
Fibres th appear in the cytoplasm are called spindle fibres
Nucleus membrane breaks down

27
Q

What happens in metaphase

A

Membrane completely breaks down

Spindle fibre from each end attaches to each centromere chromosomesline up across the middle

28
Q

What happens in anaphase

A

Spindle fibre contracts
One strand from the double stranded chromosome is pulled to each end of the cell
Shortest phase

29
Q

What happens in telophase

A

Chromosomes lengthen and become hard to distinguish
Spindle fibre breaks down
Nucleoli begins to re form
Nuclear membrane forms around the chromatin

30
Q

What is a cleavage furrow

A

A shallow groove that divides a cell

Biology (22 decks)

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