Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology > Excretion > Flashcards

Excretion Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is excretion

A

Elimination of metabolic waste from the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Why do plants not need excretion

A

They make their own food and waste products of reactions are usually reused

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Where are many waste products of plants stored

A

Vacuoles in living plants within dead cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is homeostasis

A

Maintenance of a constant internal environment in an organism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are 3 example of what remain a constant internal environment

A

Temperature, fluid balance, chemical composition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Why is there a need to regulate temperature

A

Temperature regulates the rate of chemical reactions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the two different methods animals use to control their temperature

A

Ectothermy and endothermy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are ectotherms

A

Gain or loose heat from or to their external environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are endotherms

A

Generate their own heat from metabolic reactions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the two layers of skin

A

Outer epidermis and inner dermis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is beneath the dermis

A

Adipose tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Where do cells constantly divide by mitosis to produce new epidermis cells

A

Malpighian

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What happens to cells produces in the malpighian

A

They are pushed out through the granular layer and they produce a waterproof protein called keratin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What happens to cells after the granular layer

A

They die due to excess keratin and lack of blood cappillaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the name of the pigment that gives colour to skin in the malpighian layer
And what does it do

A

Melanin

Protects skin from harmful rays

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What does the dermis consist of

A

Connective tissue and strengthening protein called collagen

Sweat glands, hair follicles, sebaceous glands, blood vessels and nerve receptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the functions of skin

A

Epidermis protects the skin from loss of water and entry of pathogens
Dermis protects internal organs from damage
Melanin protects skin from ultraviolet rays
Sebum keeps hair moist and flexible and prevents skin from drying up

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What vitamin is produced in skin and how

A

D

Following exposure to ultraviolet radiation and it helps calcium absorption in the intestines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Where is food stored in skin

A

Adipose tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What allows skin to be a sense organ

A

Variety of receptors

Eg touch pain and temperature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What allows skin to excrete

A

Sweat glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

How does skin regulate temperature in cold conditions

A

Erector muscle contracts forming goosebumps causing hair to stand up
A layer of warm air is trapped close to the skin by these hairs
Blood vessels contracts to reduce heat lost through the skin
Brain causes muscles to contract and relax causing shivering to raise temps

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the term for

1) causes hair to stand up
2) causes blood vessels to contract

A

1) piloerection

2) vasoconstriction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

How does the body react to warm conditions

A

Sweat as water evaporation lowers our body temp

Blood vessels increasing the heat loss through the skim

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is the role of excretion and homeostasis

A

Regulates body temp
Controls osmosis
Controls concentration of body fluids
Removes waste of metabolism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What are the organs of excretion

A

Lungs - co2 and water
Skin - water and salts
Kidneys - water salts urea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What is the urinary system consisted of

A

2 kidneys
2 ureters
Bladder
Urethra

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What are the 3 processes in the kidneys

A

Filtration
Reabsorption
Secretion

29
Q

What happens in filtration

A

Incoming blood is filtered in the outer cortex

Results in small substances being forced out of the bloodstream into the kidneys

30
Q

What happens in reabsorption

Where does it take place

A

Useful materials are taken back into the blood

Occurs in cortex and medulla

31
Q

What happens during excretion

A

Substances are excreted out of the cortex eg potassium

Purified blood leaves the kidneys through renal veins

32
Q

Where does the renal vein take purified blood

A

Vena cava

33
Q

What happens after filtration reabsorption and secretion

A

Unwanted waste and toxic products are left in the kidneys to form urine

34
Q

What is urine composed of

A

96% water

  1. 5% nitrogenous waste
  2. 5% salt
35
Q

Where is urea produced and how

A

In the liver and from excess proteins

36
Q

Where does urine flow from and to

A

From medulla to renal pelvis

37
Q

What is the bladder

A

Muscular organ that stores urine

38
Q

Is the bladder under voluntary control

A

No

39
Q

What muscles control urination

A

Sphincter

40
Q

What are the functions of the kidneys

A

Excretion
Osmoregulation
Ph control

41
Q

How do the kidneys control water content

A

Varying water content of urine eg on hot days produce low volumes of urine

42
Q

How do the kidneys control salt content

A

Vary amount released in urine eg if we consume too much it will release more

43
Q

Whwt do the kidneys do

A

Remove waste products of the blood

44
Q

How does the kidneys control ph of body fluids

A

Producing urine that is either more or less acidic to allow ph of blood to remain at 7.4

45
Q

What is a nephron

A

Functional unit of kidneys they make urine

46
Q

What happens to the arteries when blood enters the kidneys

A

Blood enters kidney through renal artery
Once inside kidneys this vessel divides to form renal artioles
These then split to form smaller afferent arterioles
These divide to form a cluster of capillaries - glomerulus
Blood leaves glomerulus
This then divides to form capplilaries surrounding nephron
Eventually rejoin renal venules and combine and emerge from the kidneys as the renal vein

47
Q

Where is the glomerulus found

A

Bowmans capsule - cup shaped structure

48
Q

Where is urine produced

A

Nephron

49
Q

What happens during filtration

A

Blood enters nephron in the afferent arterioles which contains waste products
In the glomerulus particlas such as glucose amino acids and vitamins are forced out of the plasma and into bowmans capsule here they dialute to a solution called glomerular filtrate

50
Q

What structure of the glomerulus helps filter

A

Pressure here is greater than normal blood pressure
Surface area of cappilaries are large - increase area for filtration
Walls of glomerular cappilaries are more porous
Cells in wall of bowmans capaule are one cell thick

51
Q

Why is pressure in the glomerulus greater

A

Already high pressure of the afferent arteriole is increased as efferent arterioles are narrower

52
Q

How mucn of glomerular filtrate is reabsorbed

A

99%

53
Q

Where is majority of water absorbed by osmosis

A

Proximal convoluted tubule

54
Q

Where are useful molecules eg glucose reabsorbed and how

A

Proximal convoluted tubule

Diffusion and active transport

55
Q

How is the proximal convoluted tubules adapted to help reabsorption

A

One cell thick
Long
Numerous infoldings
High concentration of miochondria - eneegy for active transport

56
Q

After the roximal convoluted tubule where does reabsorption tales place

A

Descending limb of the loop of henle

57
Q

What is reabsorbed in the loop of henle

A

Small amount of water and minerals

Permeabled to water

58
Q

What happens in the ascending limb of the loop of henle

A

Salts are reabsorbed as it is permeable to salts

Salts move out of nephron into fluid of the medulla

59
Q

How is water removed out of ascending

A

At the top,soium is pumped out making the medulla more concentrated
Water then moves out by osmosis

60
Q

What can be reabsorbed in the distal convoluted tubules

A

Some water and salts

It is involved in the prcise control of water salt and ph of blood

61
Q

What can be re absorbed in the collecting duct

A

Water - it is permeable to water

Also medulla is more concentrated

62
Q

What liquid flows from collecting duct to pelvis of kidneys to bladder

A

Urine

63
Q

Why does potassium need to be secreted

A

Too much prevents nerve impulses travelling correctly and reduced strength of muscular contractions

64
Q

How does glomerular filtrate differ to urine

A

Has more water

Has more useful molecules

65
Q

What controls the volume of urine produced

A

Antidiuretic hormone

66
Q

What is ADH

A

Produced by hypothalamus and stored in pituitary gland
Released by pituitary to blood tream
Affects distal convoluted tubule and collecting ducts
Causes more water to be reabsorbed in the nephron
Controls osmoregulation

67
Q

When does blood plasma become too concentrated

A

Drink tok much water
Sweat too much or faces
Consue too much salt

68
Q

What happens when blood plasm is too concentrated

A

ADH released
Travels to kidneys
Walls of distal and collecting tubes becomes from permeable to water

69
Q

What happens if blood plasm is too dilted

A

Consume too mch water
Eat low salt
Adh not released
Distals and collecting tubes become impermeable

Biology (22 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions