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Biology > Photosynthesis > Flashcards

Photosynthesis Flashcards

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1
Q

What is photosynthesis

A

The process whereby plants make food and oxygen using CO2 and water

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2
Q

What kind of nutrition is photosynthesis

A

Autotrophic

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3
Q

What is the chemical equation for photosynthesis

A

6CO2+ 6H2O ——->(light + chlorophyll) C6H12O6 + 6O2

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4
Q

What is light used for in photosynthesis

A

To make ATP which is to supply energy to make glucose

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5
Q

What are the roles of photosynthesis

A 
Plants use it to make food 
Animals get their food from plants 
Produces oxygen which is needed to release energy in respiration 
Responsible for forming fossil fuels 
Removes CO2 from the air
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6
Q

What are the two stages in photosynthesis

A

Light stage and dark stage

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7
Q

What does the light stage depend on

A

Dependent on energy energy provided by light

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8
Q

What does the dark stage depend on

A

Does not depend on light

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9
Q

Where does the light stage occur

A

Grana of the chloroplast

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10
Q

What does the light stage involve

A

Fast movement of electrons

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11
Q

Is the light stage controlled by enzymes

A

No

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12
Q

What happens in the light stage

A
  1. Light energy hits the leaves and gets trapped in the chlorophyll
  2. Chlorophyll pigments absorb as much light as it can and passes this energy to a specially placed chlorophyll which in turn passes the energised electrons to the electron acceptor
  3. The energised electrons leave the chlorophyll and take one of two pathways.
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13
Q

What are the two pathways the energised electrons take after leaving the chlorophyll

A

Pathway 1
OR
Pathway 2

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14
Q

What happens in pathway 1

A
  1. Energised electrons leave the chlorophyll and go through a series of electron acceptors and go back again to the same chlorophyll it left.
  2. The electrons loose energy and this is used to join ADP and P to form ATP. Water is also formed
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15
Q

What is the chemical formula for pathway one

A

ADP + energy + P —-> ATP + water

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16
Q

What is the addition of phosphate known as

A

Phosphorylation

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17
Q

What is the phosphorylation

A

Source of energy is light

18
Q

Why is pathway one cyclic

A

Electrons flow from the chlorophyll to the electrons acceptor and back again

19
Q

What is pathway one called

A

Cyclic photophosphlorylation

20
Q

Why is pathway one call photophosphorylation

A

Due to the method of making ATP

21
Q

How does pathway two differ to pathway one

A

The electrons do not return to the chlorophyll in which it left

22
Q

What are the stages in pathway two

A
  1. Electrons pass through a series of electron acceptors and then onto NADP+ to form NADP- energy isreleased in this process to make more ATP
  2. The chlorophyll are now short of electrons and they are replaced by the splitting of water.
  3. Protons are formed from the splitting of water are stored in a pool of protons in the chloroplast.
  4. These protons are now attracted to NADP- and combine with it to make NADPH this will be used in the dark stage
23
Q

What are protons attracted to

A

NADP-

24
Q

When will NADPH be sued

A

Dark stage

25
Q

What is the chemical equation for pathway 2

A

ADP + energy + P —–> ATP + energy

26
Q

What is the pathway 2 also know as

A

No cyclic phosphorylation

27
Q

What is photolysis

A 
Water split by light to form 
2 protons (join in the pool of hydrogen in the chloroplast) 
2 electrons ( replace electrons lost in pathway 2) 
1/2 O2 (released into atmosphere)
28
Q

End products of the light stage

A

ATP energy for the dark stage
NADPH provides proteins and energised electrons for the dark stage
Oxygen made when water is split which is released into the atmosphere

29
Q

What is th dark stage also known as

A

Calvin cycle

30
Q

Where does the dark stage occur

A

Stroma of the chloroplast

31
Q

What is the dark stage controlled by

A

Enzyme which can be effected by ph and temp

32
Q

What are the stages of the dark stage

A
  1. CO2 from the air combines with protons and Evectrons to form glucose
    2 H+ and electrons come from the broken down NADPH TO NADP+
  2. Electrons are added
  3. Energy required to form glucose comes from the ATP to ADP
33
Q

What is the reduction reaction

A

Carbon dioxide reduces to glucose

34
Q

What are the overall products of the dark stage

A

NADP+ and ADP and P and glucose

35
Q

What are the factors needed for photosynthesis

A 
Chlorophyll 
Temperature
 Light 
Water 
CO2
36
Q

Why is chlorophyll needed

A

Absorbs light

37
Q

Where is chlorophyll found

A

Chloroplast

38
Q

What chlorophyll made of

A

Magnesium

39
Q

Why is light needed for photosynthesis

A

Increases rate of photosynthesis to a certain point

40
Q

Why is water needed for photosynthesis

A

Absorbs from the soil

41
Q

What temp does photosynthesis work better

A

25 as it contains plant enzymes

42
Q

How can humans increase the rate of photosyntheis

A

Artificial light

Release CO2 glass and add sodium bicarbonate

Biology (22 decks)

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