Human Breathing Flashcards
Where does each nostril lead to
Each nostril leads to the nasal chamber
What makes air easier to pass from the lungs to bloodstream
Filtered or cleaned by the hairs and mucus
Moistened
Warmed
What is the name of the flap of tissue in the pharynx
Epiglottis
What does the larynx do
Contains two vocal cords that vibrate to produce sound
What converts sounds to speech
Tongue or lips
What are the trachea and its subdivisions made up of
Muscle, elastic fibres with incomplete c strings of cartilage
What is the importance of cartilage in the structure of the trachea ect
It is strong snd rigid snd prevents tubes from closing when air is drawn into them
Where doesnt have cartilage
Brochioles - become narrow during asthma attack
What protects the lings from infection
Mucus traps eg dust
Cilia beat and move particals upwards past epiglottis and thrn pass throigh oesophogus
What lines each lung
Pleural membranes
Outer - lines chest wall and diaphra,
Inner - lines the lungs
What is the gap inbetween pleural lines
Pleural cavity
Contains liquid that lubricates membranes reducing friction when breathing
How are the alveoli adapted for gaseous exchange
There is a huge amount
Thin walled
Moist structure
Network of capillaries
Carbon dioxide and water enter alveoli how?
They pass out of cyroplasm to blood plasma and then diffuse to alveoli
What happens to oxygen from alveoli
Reverse direction to co2
From alveoli to blood plasma
What controls the rate of breathing
Brain
How does the brain control the rate of breathing
Spends message to intercoastal muscles and diaphram and uses atp to contract - SAID TO BE ACTIVE
During innhalation what happen to the ribs and diaphram
Ribs are pulled up
Diaphram curves down
What happens to the chest cavity when we inhale
Volume increases Pressure decreases
What happens due to low pressure in cavity
Pressure is higher in chest and forced air into the lungs
What happens during exhalation
Complete opposite to inhalation
Why does oxygen levels decrease during exercise
Excercise increases rate of respiration especially in muscle cells inhaltion which is normally passive process becomes active
In addition extra muscles are used to increase depth of breathing
What are the symptoms of asthma
Noisy wheezy breathing
Whats the external cause of asthma
Inhaltion of allergens eg pollen, hair, feather, scales from skim
What are the internal causes of asthma
Brochioles becoming narrow and enflamed
How to prevent asthma
Avoid allergens and take a test to identify
How to treat asthma
Inhale drugs through an inhaler to woden pr steroid to prevent enflamation
How does the brain control breathing e
Monitors levels of co2 in thr blood
Dissolved in water to form a weak acid which causes ph to fall slightly
This is detected and it informs diaphram and ribs to cause breathing
Does the brain respond to low levels of oxygen
Not normally only high carbon dioxide
