Muscoskeletal System Flashcards
Functions of the skeleton
Support Protection Movement Shape Manufacturing of blood components
What are the two sections of the skeleton called
Axial skeleton
Appendicular skeleton
What does the axial skeleton consist of
Skull
Spine
Ribs
Sternum
What is the other name for the
Skull
Shoulder blade
Collar bone
Cranium
Scapula
Clavicle
What are the 5 sections of the vertebrae and how many vertebrae in each
Cervical 7 Thoracic 12 Lumbar 5 Sacrum 5 Coccyx 4
How may bones in the rib cage and what are they called
Top 7 - true ribs connected to breastbone
Next 3 - false ribs connected to chest by cartilage
Bottom 2 - floating ribs connected to spine
What is the appendicular skeleton called the
Limbs, the pectoral girdle and pelvic girdle
What does the pectoral girdle connect to
Vertebral column and arms
What is the pelvic girdle composed of
Two halves of the hip joined to sacrum
What does each half of the pelvic girdle consist of
3 fused bones
How are the 2 halves of the pelvic girdle connected
Band of flexible cartilage
What is the pelvis
The hollow cavity where the hip bone attaches to sacrum
What kind of limbs are arms and legs and why
Pentadactyl because they end in 5 eg toes and fingers
What is cartilage
It contains firm bit flexible protein collagen
It lacks nerves and blood vessels
It protects bones by acting as a shock absorber snd allows friction free movement
How does cartilage transport
Depends on materials diffusing through to cells that form it
What is the membrane that long bones are enclosed in
Periosteum
Whats the long shaft and the head of a bone called
Head - epiphysis
Shaft - diaphysis
What are the three inner structure parts of a bone
Compact bone
Sponey
Medullary cavity
What is compact bin made of
Bone forming cells embedded in a matrix
Made up of 70% inorganic salts eg calcium 30% protein
Supplied with nutrients by blood vessels
Where do you mainly find compact bone
The shaft
What are the functions of compact bone
Slats give strength
Protein gives flexibility
What is spongey bone made of
Network of thin boney bars separated by different size spaces filled eith red bone marrow
What is the function of the spongey bone
Strength and rigidity and makes red blood cells
What is the medulla cavity
Contains bone marrow
In young people full of active red bone marrow and in adults it is confined to the spongey bone - contains inactive yellow fat rich marrow
In the eight week what is replaced with bone
Embryonic cartilage
What are bone forming cells
Osteoblasts
Where are growth plates located and what are they made of
Between epiphysis and diaphysis
Made of cartilage
What are bine digesting cells
Osteoclasts
What causes bones to get stronger
Physical activity and hormones
What hormones cause bones to bet stronger
Growth hormone - increases mass
Parathormone removes calcium from bone to increase level in blood
What is a joint
Where two or more bones meet
Where is synovial fluid found
At the end of bones covered with cartilage and the bones are separated by a cavity
Wh are ligaments
Strong fibrous slightly elastic tissues that connect bone to bone
What are tendons
Strong flexible inelastic fibres that connect muscle to bone
What is athritis
Skeletal disorder where joints become inflamed
What the most common type of athiritis
Osteoarthritis
What causes arthritis
Cartilage in synovial joints wearing down
What type of arthritis is caused by body’s immune turning in on itself
Rheumatoid arthritis
Prevention of arthritis
Proper footwear
Dont run on hard surfaces
What is treatment for arthritis
Rest
No cure
What a skeletal muscle
Voluntary muscle
Whats a smooth muscle
Unstriped involuntary
What is the name of muscle that work in conjunction together
Antagonistic pair
