Higher Level Enzymes And Energy Carriers Flashcards
What is the active site
Part of an enzyme that combines with the substrate
What shape is an enzyme
Not a rigid sharp
What is the enzyme itself
A protein that has a complex 3D shape
What is larger the active site or the substrate
Very often the active site is larger
What are many enzymes composed of
Two globular sections called domains
What does the substrate cause the active site to do
To change shape when they come into shape
Why does the active site change shape
So it can fit more precisely
What is the process of the active site changing shape to fit called
Induced fit model or active site theory
What happens during induced fit model
- The substrate combine with the active site
- The active site is induced changing shape
- The substrate and the enzyme form an enzyme substrate complex
- The products leave the active site
- Active site returns to usual shape and can now accept a new substrate molecule.
Why does the substrate change during induced fit model
The bonds in the substrate are altered so the substrate changes
What is enzyme specificity
Each enzyme will react with only one particular substrate
Why do enzymes only react with one substrate
Each active site will for or react with only one
What will reduces the ability of an enzyme to work efficiently
Anything that alters the shape of the active site
What is optimum ph
The ph value at which an enzyme works best at
Other than ph what are enzymes sensitive to
Temperature
What are enzymes more sensitive to ph or temp
Ph
Why does temperature effect enzymes
Increases molecular movement
As a result substrate molecules collide more frequently with enzymes
What is a denatured enzyme
An enzyme that has lost its shape and can no longer carry out its functions
What is denaturation caused by
Hugh tempo
Ph values
Chemicals or radiation
What temperature do proteins gradually loose 3D shape
40 degrees
What molecules in photosynthesis have vital roles in trapping and transferring energy
ADP & ATP
In photosynthesis which molecules trap and transfer electrons
NAD+ and NADP+
What does ADP stand for
Adenosine diphosphate
Where is ADP found
In the cells of all organisms
Does ADP have a stable or unstable bond
Unstable
What is the 5 sugar carbon found in ADP
Ribose
What does ATP stand for
Adenosine triphosphate
What happens when an extra phosphate is added to Atp
Extra energy is added in the form of an unstable bond
What is the process of added another phosphate bind called
Phosphorylation
What happens when ATP breaks down
Releases energy and a phosphate forming ADP
ENERGY IS RELEASED FRIJ THR BIND BETWEEN THE LAST TWO BONDS
CARRIES MOST REACTIONS IN A CELL
What breaks down in respiration to form ATP
Glucose
What is NADP+
Nicotinamide adenine dinulceotide phosphate
What is NADP+
Low energy molecule involved in photosynthesis
How does NADP+ form NADPH
It accepts a pair of high energy electrons combined with a hydrogen ion or proton
What is NADPH
Electron and hydrogen carrier
What is its function in photosynthesis
The energy and hydrogen is carried is used in photosynthesis to produce glucose
What happens when NADPH breaks down
It releases two high energy electrons and a hydrogen ion or proton
What is NAD + used for in respiration
As a low energy molecule to NADP+
What does respiration use NADh for
As a high energy molecule
What are the
A) low
b) high
Energy carriers in respiration
A) ADP NAD+
B) ATP NADH
What are the
A) low
B) high
Energy carriers in photosynthesis
A) ADP NADP +
B) ATP NADPH
