Genetic Engineering Flashcards
What is genetic engineering
The artificial manipulation or alteration of jeans
What is the process of genetic engineering
Cutting of small section of DNA a single gene called the target gene from one organism and inserting it into another
What is the name given to the altered DNA
Recombinant DNA
What is genetic splicing
To join two overlapping strands together
What are examples of the cross species transfer of jeans
Human genes can be inserted into bacteria
Bacterial jeans can be inserted into plants
Human genes can be inserted into other animals
What does genetic engineering require
A source of dna
A cloning vector
Restriction enzymes
DNA ligase
What is a cloning Vector
Special kind of DNA that can except foreign DNA and replicate itself and the foreign DNA
What is the most common cloning vector
Bacterial plasmid
What is DNA ligase used for
To combine the foreign DNA with the plasmid dna
How is recombinant DNA made
When DNA from two different organisms is cutUsing the same restriction enzyme the cut ends from both sources will be complimentary. If the cut sections are mixed together they will form based pairs and combine
What kind of enzyme is DNA ligase
Anabolic
What are the steps in the process of genetic engineering
Isolation cutting transformation cloning expression
What is isolation
The removal of the chromosomes from the human cell and the plasmid DNA from the bacterium
What happens in the cutting stage
Normally cut open at a single site the human DNA will be cut into many sections one of the sections contains the target gene
What is ligation
Joining of two sections of DNA to form a single strand
What is transformation
The uptake of the DNA into a cell
What is cloning
Production of identical copies of the bacterium containing the target gene
What is expression
Formation of the product by the organism with the recombinant DNA
Where does expression usually take place
Bioreactor
What are applications of genetic engineering in plants in animals and in microorganisms
Implants crops have bacterial jeans added to them to be come resistant to weedkillers
Some people cannot produce a protective protein in the lungs Working human gene for that protein has been inserted in the sheep DNA and they produce the protein in their milk
Inserting a human gene for insulin into bacterium The bacteria and can produce large quantities of insulin Which people with diabetes can inject themselves with
What are ethical issues in genetic engineering
The release of MGOs Into the environment
The use of MGOs. As a food source
The concern that animals will suffer
The fair humans may be genetically modified
