The Motivated and Emotional Brain Notes Flashcards
what is the hypothalamus responsible for?
“Master Regulator”
the 4 F’s
-feeding
-fleeing
-fighting
-f—king
responsive to natural rewards in the regulation of eating, drinking, and mating,
regulates both the endocrine system and autonomic nervous system
what are the key hormones?
cortisol, oxytocin, testosterone,
dopamine is mainly in charge of
reward and anticipation of reward
cortisol is mainly in charge of
stress
oxytocin is mainly in charge of
bonding
testosterone is mainly in charge of
competition
norepinephrine is mainly in charge of
adrenaline
serotonin is mainly in charge of
mood
ghrelin and leptin are mainly in charge of
hunger
what is the amygdala responsible for?
-recognizes threat and reward (scans the environment and relays info)
-regulates fear, anger, and anxiety
-mainly projects to other brain structures
what are the striatum, N.Acc and VTA responsible for?
-reward network
-dopaminergic pathway (produced feelings of wanting and liking)
what is the sequence of the dopaminergic pathway and what does it do?
- starts in the amygdala
- signals VTA then produces dopamine
- sends out dopamine which eventually makes its way to the prefrontal cortex
what is the prefrontal cortex responsible for?
decision making, emotional regulation, consciousness, risk v. reward, and evaluate choice
what is the reticular formation responsible for?
-breathing
-alertness/arousal
what is the basal ganglia responsible for?
motivated movement
what is the insula responsible for?
“gut instinct”
-subjective experience of risk v. reward
-processes feelings associated with empathy, intrinsic motivation, risk, uncertainty, pain, and personal agency
what is the anterior cingulate cortex responsible for?
error detection, motivational conflict navigation and resolution, does this by communicating with the other parts of the brain
what is the low road to fear?
a stimulus occurs—–>12 ms———> goes to thalamus——->then amygdala—–> reaction
what is the high road to fear?
stimulus occurs—–> 30 to 40 ms —–> sensory cortex——>consciousness——> amygdala——>reaction or nonreaction
what is kluver bucy syndrome?
damage to the amygdala,, psychic blindness so people don’t feel fear when typically fear eliciting stimuli occur
–also leads to hypersexuality
what parts make up the subcortical brain?
hypothalamus, amygdala, striatum N.Acc, VTA, reticular formation, and basal ganglia
what parts make up the cortical brain?
prefrontal cortex, insula, and anterior cingulate cortex aka (Acc)
what are the key neurotransmitters?
dopamine, serotonin, norepinephrine, endorphine
the prefrontal cortex is made up of the…
frontal lobe, parietal lobe, occipital lobe, temporal lobe, brain stem, and cerebellum
dorsolateral PFC
orbitofrontal PFC
Ventromedial PFC
what is the left PFC responsible for?
behavioral activation system
sensitive to rewards
good feelings
enjoys extraversion
what is the right PFC responsible for?
behavioral inhibition system
sensitive to threats and punishments
bad feelings
likes neuroticism
how to the cortical and subcortical parts of the brain work together?
bidirectional communication,, cortical activations send excitory and inhibitory info to the subcortical brain and subcortical activations send these signals to the cortical brain
they talk on the phone
the two principles of the motivational and emotional brain are…
day to day events activate specific brain structures
and
activated brain structures produce specific motivations and emotions
who came up with the low v high road to fear hypothesis?
ledoux
