Chapter 3 Reeve Flashcards
what are the 2 defining questions of the chapter?
- how internal (thoughts) and external (environment) events activate specific brain structures
- How activated structure energize, direct and sustain behavior
what are the two general parts of the brain?
cortical and subcortical
the cortical part of the brain is also known as the…and contains the….
cerebral cortex,, frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital lobes
the subcortical part of the brain is also known as the… and contains
limbic system,, small nuclei that make up the anatomical core of the brain
the cortical brain functions at the…
conscious, deliberate, intentional, and purposive levels
the cortical brain is associated with motivations like…
goals, plan, strategies, and beliefs
what is an example of your cortical brain at work?
you set a goal to get an A on n exam, formulate a plan of how you will attain the goal, adopt strategic decisions’ to read the textbook, and resist temptations of distractions
the subcortical brain is associated with….
basic urges, impulses, and emotion rich motivations like: hunger thirst anger fear, pleasure, desire, reward, and wanting
the subcortical brain functions at the…
unconscious, automatic, urgent, and impulsive levels
what is an example of the subcortical brain at work
you pass a Cinnabon at the airport, your subcortical brain is then stimulated to approach the source of the pleasure (aroma)
what is bidirectional communication?
the idea that individual brain structures are linked by neural pathways
what is the purpose of bidirectional communication?
allows the cognitive, and emotional states from one structure structure to influence the cognitions, motivations and emotions of other structures
what is an example of upstream activity?
I am so mad right now——>I could yell
what is an example of downstream activity?
she probably didn’t do that on purpose——>it’s no big deal——->I’m not so mad anymore
what is a bottom up generated motivational-emotional state?
individual brain structures respond to environmental stimuli
what is a top down generated motivational emotional state?
cognitive appraisals of events that generate and modify motivational emotional states
what brain structure lies within the brain stem?
reticular formation
what brain structures make up the cortical brain?
-insular cortex
-prefrontal cortex
-orbital frontal cortex
-ventromedial prefrontal cortex
-dorsolateral prefrontal cortex
-anterior cingulate cortex
what brain structures make up the subcortical brain?
-amygdala
-ventral stratum
-nucleus accumbens
-ventral tegmental area
-hypothalamus
-caudate nuclues
-putamen
-substantia nigra
-global palladus
what is the reticular formation responsible for?
-arousal, alertness, wakefulness
what is the amygdala responsible for?
-detects, learns about, and responds to the stimulus properties of the environment,, both the threat and reward eliciting associations
**the amygdala communicates to almost every brain structure but few communicate back
what are the main hormones within the brain?
-cortisol
-oxytocin
-testosterone
what does cortisol do?
-stress hormone
-product of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical activity
-activates during social evaluative threats, relationship conflict, and being interpersonally controlled, devalued, or rejected
-deactivation (destress) occurs during social support
what does oxytocin do?
-bonding hormone
-“tend and befriend” stress response
-raises levels of trust in others
-supports maintaining and creating social bonds
what does testosterone do?
-steroid hormone
-high competition, status seeking, and sexual motivation
