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Motivation and Emotion > Reeves Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Reeves Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

what is motivation?

A

wanting, and a condition in side of us that desires a change in either the environment or self

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2
Q

what would be 13 different reasons you would want to exercise?

A
  1. intrinsic motivation (fun/enjoiyment)
  2. flow (personal challenge)
  3. external regulation (forced)
  4. goal
  5. value (health benefits)
  6. possible self (inspiration)
  7. achievement (pursuing excellence)
  8. competence (
  9. opponent process (gives emotional kick)
  10. positive affect
  11. introjection (alleviate guilt)
  12. personal control (relieve stress/depression)
  13. relatedness (hanging out with friends)
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3
Q

motivational science is…

A

research based, empirical, evidence driven

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4
Q

motivational science isn’t

A

inspirational/attention getting quotes

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5
Q

what is a theory?

A

intellectual framework that organizes a vast amount of knowledge about a phenomenon so said phenomenon can be better described, understood, and explained.

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6
Q

a theory needs two things

A
  1. to identify relations that exist natually among observable phenomena
  2. to explain why those relationships exist
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7
Q

what is the function and utility of a good theory

A

(visual representation in text) reality sparks a theory,, from that theory a hypothesis is born which we then test to confirm the theory. Then from that theory we can come up with recommended applications

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8
Q

what are the two perennial questions?

A

What causes behavior and why does it vary in intensity?

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9
Q

what are the different subarts to the first perennial question? (What causes behavior?)

A

-why does behavior start?
- once begun, why does behavior persist over time?
- Why is behavior directed toward some goals, yet away from others?
- Why does behavior change its direction?
- why does behavior stop?

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10
Q

motivations varies within______ as well as between_______

A

individuals

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11
Q

what are antecedents?

A

how such differences in individuals arise

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12
Q

what are consequences?

A

what implications the antecedents hold

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13
Q

the study of motivation concerns…

A

those internal processes that give behavior its’ energy, direction, and persistence

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14
Q

what is “energy”?

A

implies that behavior has strength
-hardy
-intense
-resilient

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15
Q

what is “direction”?

A

implies behavior has purpose

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16
Q

what is “persistence”

A

implies behavior has endurance

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17
Q

a motive is an internal process that…

A

energizes direct and sustains behavior

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18
Q

a motive is a common ground for

A

needs, cognitions and emotions

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19
Q

what are needs?

A

conditions within the individual that are necessary for maintenance of life, growth, and well being

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20
Q

needs serve the organism by:

A

1.) generating wants and desires that motivate behaviors that are necessary
2.) generate a deep satisfaction from doing so

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21
Q

what are cognitions?

A

refer ti nental events like thoughts beliefs, expectations, plans, goals, strategies, appraisals, attributions, and the self-concept

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22
Q

what are emotions?

A

complex but coordinated feeling-arousal purposive-expressive reactions to the significant events in our lives

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23
Q

what are feelings?

A

subjective, verbal, descriptions of emotional expereience

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24
Q

what is arousal?

A

bodily mobilization to cope with with situational demands

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25
Q

what is purpose?

A

motivational urge to accomplish something specific at that moment

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26
Q

emotions are…

A

a subset of motivation, and emotions are an adaptive mechanism

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27
Q

what are external events?

A

environmental, social, and cultural offerings that affect a persons internal motives

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28
Q

examples of environmental external events

A

money, praise, foul odor, being yelled at

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29
Q

examples of social external events

A

classroo/workplace environment, social climate

30
Q

external events are NOT

A

a direct cause of motivation

31
Q

what is influence?

A

the social process by which one requests that the other change their behavior or thought

32
Q

what is the difference between influence and motivation?

A

influence is an external process whereas motivation is an internal process

33
Q

motivation is a ______ and ______ process

A

private and unobservable

34
Q

what are the 5 telltale ways to measure motivation?

A
  1. behavior
  2. engagement
  3. psychophysiology
  4. brain activations
  5. self-report
35
Q

how can behavior be used to measure motivation?

A

effort, persistence, latency, choice, probability of response, facial expressions and bodily gestures

these express the presence, intensity, and quality of motivation

36
Q

how can engagement be used to measure motivation?

A

how effortfully a person is involved during an activity in terms of effort and persistence

37
Q

what is engagement?

A

how actively involved a person is in a task

38
Q

emotional engagement refers to

A

the presence of positive emotions during task involvement

39
Q

cognitive engagement refers to

A

how strategically a person attempts to process information

40
Q

agentic engagement refers to

A

the persons proactive and instructive involvement in the flow of the activity

41
Q

examples of behavioral engagement

A

-on task behavior
- effort
-persistence

42
Q

examples of emotional engagement

A
  • persistence of:
    -interests
    -enjoyment
    -enthusiasm
  • absence of:
    - distress
    -anger
    -anxiety
    -frustration
43
Q

examples of cognitive engagement

A

-using sophisticated learning strategies
- seeking deeper understanding
-self regulation

44
Q

examples of agentic engagement

A

-contributing constructively
- asking questions
- expressing preferences

45
Q

how do we measure motivation through psychophysiology

A

as people engage in activity the nervous and endocrine systems release chemicals that lay the groundwork for motivational and emotional states

46
Q

what is psychophysiology?

A

the process by which psychological states produce downstream changes in ones physiology

47
Q

how do brain activations help us measure motivation?

A

they underlie every motivational and emotional state

48
Q

how does self report help us measure motivation

A

ask people questions and let them identify their own emotionalmotivational states through questionairres

***this is probably the least reliable because a lot of times people do not know their true moivations

49
Q

what are the ten unifying themes

A

1.motivation and emotion benefit adaptation
2. motivation and emotion direct attention
3. motivation and emotion are intervening variables
4. motives vary over time and influence the ongoing stream of behavior
5. types of motivation exist
6. we are not always consciously aware of the motivational basis of our behavior
7. motivational study reveals what people want
8. to flourish, motivation needs supportive conditions
9. when trying to motivate others, what is easy to do is rarely what works
10. there is nothing as good as a practical theory

50
Q

life is constantly changing, and humans needs a means to take corrective action to said change

A

motivation and emotion is said change

51
Q

what are complex adaptive systems?

A

what motivation and emotion allow us to be as humans so we can adapt to all of our scenarios

52
Q

when motivation depletes______,_______, and _________ all suffer

A

-personal adaptation
- well being
-functioning

53
Q

how do we decide where to focus our attention

A

out motivational and emotional states, and environmental events that create motivational states

54
Q

environmental events, motivations, and emotions all have differing

A

urgencies

55
Q

attention is not always allocated…

A

evenly

56
Q

why is attention not always allocated evenly?

A

1.) aroused motives vary in strength, and some states are more attention gettig than others
2.) negative stimuli are more attention getting than positive

57
Q

environmental event spur

A

behaviors and motivations and emotions

58
Q

motivation and emotion intervene/mediate between

A

environmental events and behavior

59
Q

example of motivation and emotion as an intervening force

A

you travel to a new place which sparks the emotion of interest which then motivates you to sightsee

60
Q

motives strengths…

A

change over time

61
Q

people can harbor multiple____ of varying_______

A

motives,, intensities

62
Q

it is important to ask how much motivation, but also

A

what type of motivation is at play

63
Q

different types of motives have different______ and different ________

A

antecedents, outcomes

64
Q

full understanding of human motivation requires

A

-appreciation for growth oriented, approach based, and flourishing related motivation and emotions ie (interest curiosity, joy, etc.)
-but also appreciation for defense oriented, and avoidance based, and suffering related tendencies. ie (pain, distress, fear, anxiety, etc.)

65
Q

some motives are easy to verbalize because they have roots in _______, but others are rooted in ______ and we have a harder time verbalizing them

A

language structure, non-language

66
Q

what is a cortical emotion

A

able to communicate

67
Q

what is a subcortical emotion

A

not able to communicate

68
Q

theories of motivation reveal….by…..

A

what is common within the strivings of all human beings…identifying the commonalities among people from all walks of life

69
Q

we have both _____engineered but also ________ constructed motivations

A

biologically, societally

70
Q

everyone tends to be more motivational when _____ rather than______

A

patiently and dilligently working with others, ordering otheres around

71
Q

the golden resouce to explain who someone has motivation is…

A

a good theory

72
Q

theories provide..

A

empirically backed explanations

Motivation and Emotion (25 decks)

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