Goal Setting and Implementation (Presentation)

Question 1

What is a discrepancy?

Answer 1

the difference between persons presents and ideal state

Question 2

what do discrepancies do?

Answer 2

creates motivation

Question 3

what are the two types of discrepancies?

Answer 3

discrepancy reduction, and discrepancy creation

Question 4

what is an example of discrepancy reduction?

Answer 4

“I need a 3.0 gpa for my scholarship, but I only have a 2.5”

Question 5

discrepancy reduction is…

Answer 5

reactive

Question 6

what is an example of discrepancy creation?

Answer 6

setting goals for yourself…“I want to have a 3.0 gpa, but I only have a 2.5”

youre creating this discrepancy on your own, otherwise the discrepanc isn’t preexisting, whereas with reduction the discrepancy already exists and you are just trying to reduce it

Question 7

discrepancy creation is…

Answer 7

proactive

Question 8

why are some goals better than no goals?

Answer 8

all goals in general create discrepancies, so no matter the goal it is going to create some type of motivation to improve

Question 9

why are specific goals better than non specific goals

Answer 9

specific goals focus behavior

Question 10

why are difficult goals better than easier goals?

Answer 10

difficult goals push us and energize our behavior

Question 11

why is feedback about our progress important?

Answer 11

it allows us to evaluate our actual state versus our ideal state

Question 12

goals that are too difficult can create…

Answer 12

-increased stress and threat of failure
-undermine intrinsic motivation
-cheating tendencies

Question 13

what is different about setting goals for others?

Answer 13

goal acceptance is critical

Question 14

what are the 4 key components of goal acceptance?

Answer 14

1. the goal setter needs to be credible and trustworthy
2. the goals need to be perceived as difficult but achievable
3. the other person needs to participate in the goal setting
4. extrinsic incentives

Question 15

SMART goals stands for…

Answer 15

Specific
Measurable
Attainable ***
Relevant
Time-Bound

Question 16

how do smart goals align with current research?

Answer 16

most of them align, except Attainable goals aren’t necessarily the best. It is shown that more difficult goals push people to achieve better

Question 17

what is so hard about long term goals?

Answer 17

long term goals often lack positive reinforcement and feedback given their lengthy and time consuming nature.

Question 18

what can you alter about long term goals in order to encourage motivatio and achievement?

Answer 18

break the large goal down into smaller goals
(ie. long term goal: get into grad school,, short term goals: do research, take prerequisites, etc.)

Question 19

what is beneficial about breaking long term goals into short term goals?

Answer 19

-facilitates a sense of competence and progress
-provides consistent and more regular feedback

Question 20

what is a challenge when it comes to breaking up large goals into smaller goals?

Answer 20

you have to be careful not to undermine intrinsic motivation

Question 21

what is an implementation intention?

Answer 21

defines when, where, and how one wants to act on goal intentions.

Question 22

implementation intention contain…

Answer 22

an “If-then” component

Question 23

what is the “if” part of the component?

(of implementation intentions

Answer 23

the critical cue (the when or where)

Question 24

what is the “then part of the component?

Answer 24

the link to a goal directed response, (the how)

Question 25

what are the 3 parts of the circular system of implementation intentions?

Answer 25

a.) getting started despite daily distractions
b.) persisting in spite of difficulties and setbacks
c.) resuming once an interruption occurs

Question 26

what are 4 reasons people do NOT do their best despite their best intentions?

Answer 26

1.) lack of specific, difficult goals
2.) lack of clear planning to achieve goals
3.) lack of translation into action
4.) lack of consideration for potential obstacles in starting and persisting towards goal.

Question 27

what are 3 characteristics of goals that generally improve performance?

Answer 27

1. difficult goals
   (hard to accomplish)
   2.specific goals
   (tell the setter exactly what to do)
2. congruence with the sense of self
   (give a sense of personal ownership over the goal)

Question 28

what are the 3 primary reasons that implementations have a positive effect on goal attainment?

Answer 28

1.) help people overcome the problem of getting started
2. help people persist in the face of obstacles (stay on track)
3. help people resume once an obstavle is encountered

overall implementation intentions create a closed-mindedness that narrows ones attenton to include goal directed behaviors and exclude distractions

Question 29

what is goal disengagement

why is it important?

Answer 29

reduction of effort and commitment in the face of an unattainable goal

it prevents psychologoical distress