Goal Setting and Implementation (Presentation) Flashcards
What is a discrepancy?
the difference between persons presents and ideal state
what do discrepancies do?
creates motivation
what are the two types of discrepancies?
discrepancy reduction, and discrepancy creation
what is an example of discrepancy reduction?
“I need a 3.0 gpa for my scholarship, but I only have a 2.5”
discrepancy reduction is…
reactive
what is an example of discrepancy creation?
setting goals for yourself…“I want to have a 3.0 gpa, but I only have a 2.5”
youre creating this discrepancy on your own, otherwise the discrepanc isn’t preexisting, whereas with reduction the discrepancy already exists and you are just trying to reduce it
discrepancy creation is…
proactive
why are some goals better than no goals?
all goals in general create discrepancies, so no matter the goal it is going to create some type of motivation to improve
why are specific goals better than non specific goals
specific goals focus behavior
why are difficult goals better than easier goals?
difficult goals push us and energize our behavior
why is feedback about our progress important?
it allows us to evaluate our actual state versus our ideal state
goals that are too difficult can create…
-increased stress and threat of failure
-undermine intrinsic motivation
-cheating tendencies
what is different about setting goals for others?
goal acceptance is critical
what are the 4 key components of goal acceptance?
- the goal setter needs to be credible and trustworthy
- the goals need to be perceived as difficult but achievable
- the other person needs to participate in the goal setting
- extrinsic incentives
SMART goals stands for…
Specific
Measurable
Attainable ***
Relevant
Time-Bound
how do smart goals align with current research?
most of them align, except Attainable goals aren’t necessarily the best. It is shown that more difficult goals push people to achieve better
what is so hard about long term goals?
long term goals often lack positive reinforcement and feedback given their lengthy and time consuming nature.
what can you alter about long term goals in order to encourage motivatio and achievement?
break the large goal down into smaller goals
(ie. long term goal: get into grad school,, short term goals: do research, take prerequisites, etc.)
what is beneficial about breaking long term goals into short term goals?
-facilitates a sense of competence and progress
-provides consistent and more regular feedback
what is a challenge when it comes to breaking up large goals into smaller goals?
you have to be careful not to undermine intrinsic motivation
what is an implementation intention?
defines when, where, and how one wants to act on goal intentions.
implementation intention contain…
an “If-then” component
what is the “if” part of the component?
(of implementation intentions
the critical cue (the when or where)
what is the “then part of the component?
the link to a goal directed response, (the how)
what are the 3 parts of the circular system of implementation intentions?
a.) getting started despite daily distractions
b.) persisting in spite of difficulties and setbacks
c.) resuming once an interruption occurs
what are 4 reasons people do NOT do their best despite their best intentions?
1.) lack of specific, difficult goals
2.) lack of clear planning to achieve goals
3.) lack of translation into action
4.) lack of consideration for potential obstacles in starting and persisting towards goal.
what are 3 characteristics of goals that generally improve performance?
- difficult goals
(hard to accomplish)
2.specific goals
(tell the setter exactly what to do) - congruence with the sense of self
(give a sense of personal ownership over the goal)
what are the 3 primary reasons that implementations have a positive effect on goal attainment?
1.) help people overcome the problem of getting started
2. help people persist in the face of obstacles (stay on track)
3. help people resume once an obstavle is encountered
overall implementation intentions create a closed-mindedness that narrows ones attenton to include goal directed behaviors and exclude distractions
what is goal disengagement
why is it important?
reduction of effort and commitment in the face of an unattainable goal
it prevents psychologoical distress
