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Motivation and Emotion > Reeves Chapter 12 > Flashcards

Reeves Chapter 12 Flashcards

1
Q

why are negative emotions life fear or anger useful?

A

researchers believe they are constructive responses to fundamental life tasks (even if they sometimes lead us astray)

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2
Q

six perennial questions

A

1.) what is an emotion?
2.) what causes an emotion?
3.) How many emotions are there?
4.) what good are emotions?
5.) can we control our emotions?
6.)what is the difference between? emotion and mood?

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3
Q

what is an emotion?

A

multidimensional and exist as subjective, biological, purposive, and expressive phenomenon.

feeling states but they are also biological responses, agents of purpose, and social expressive behaviors

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4
Q

we all know emotions by their feelings, but feelings are only…

A

a part of emotion

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5
Q

what is the order of the emotion process?
(worksheet)

A

1.) significant life event
2.) emotion
3.) bodily response/feeling/sense of purpose/expressive behavior

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6
Q

emotion exists as a combo of…

A

neural circuits, response systems, and a feeling state/process that motivates and organizes cognition and action

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7
Q

emotion is what choreographs…

A

feeling, bodily responsive, purposive, and expressive components into a coherent response

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8
Q

fear example:

A

eliciting event: ski slopes
feeling aspect: scared
bodily response: “pumped up”
purposive aspect: strongly desires self protection
expressive aspect: tensed eyes and corners of mouth pulled down

(fear (the emotion) is what synchronizes all of these aspects

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9
Q

emotions are one type of

A

motive

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10
Q

emotions serve as an ongoing…system to indicate how…. is going

A

readout, adaptation

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11
Q

researchers see emotions as ….states that are aimed at triggering…..

A

motivational, correct behaviors

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12
Q

example of emotions as motivational states triggering correct behavior

A

air deprivation,, loss of air causes an intense emotional reaction of terror, the terror causes the motivation to get back to homeostasis, NOT the air deprivation

no terror=no motivation

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13
Q

positive emotion signal…..and reflect…..

A

all is well…satisfaction

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14
Q

negative emotions act as a….

A

warning signal

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15
Q

when we encounter a significant life event (potential threat/opportunity)…

A

an emotion rises

example: walking in the dark causes cognitive and biological responses to the emotion of fear

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16
Q

biological theorists think…

A

emotions come from a biological core like the subcortical brain, and that emotions can arise without a cognitive event but NOT without a biological event

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17
Q

cognitive theorists think…

A

individuals cannot respond emotionally unless they first appraise the situation first
ex.) is the event important to me, is is relevant to my well being?

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18
Q

what is the “two systems view?”

A

both cognition and biology cause emotion, the two systems run parallel but are also interactive
-one system is innate and spontaneous (bio)
-one is an experience based system (cog.)
(chart in notebook)

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19
Q

biological emotion processing

A

sensory info is processed rapidly, automatically, and unconsciously by the subcortical brain structures and pathways

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20
Q

cognitive emotion processing

A

dependent on the unique learning history of the individual, sensory info is processed evaluatively, interpretively, and consciously by the cortical pathways

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21
Q

emotion is…

A

a process, a chain of events that aggregate into a complex feedback system

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22
Q

elements in plutchiks feedback loop

A

cognition, arousal, feelings, preparation of action, expressive displays, overt behavioral activity

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23
Q

what ends an emotion?

A

the removal of the significant life event, usually upon the use of coping behaviors

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24
Q

how many emotions are there?

A

depends on if you favor the cognitive or behavioral viewpoints

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25
Q

the biological theory emphasizes the ….and downplays the importance of….

A

basic emotions, secondary emotions

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26
Q

the cognitive theory emphasizes the importance of both…. and …. but acknowledges mush of their significance is rooted in….

A

basic, secondary emotions….personal, social, and cultural experience

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27
Q

the biological perspective states there is a range between … and …. basic emotions

A

2 to 8

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28
Q

panskepp’s basic emotions

A

seeking, fear, anger/rage, lust, care, sadness/grief, and play. based on 7 neuroanatomical pathways on the subcortical brain

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29
Q

ekman’s basic emotions

A

fear, ager, sadness, disgust, happiness, surprise, and contempt, based on correspnding facial expressions

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30
Q

levensons basic emotions

A

suggests enjoyment, anger, fear, disgust, surprise, sadness, and said each emotion i distinct to a survival related challenge

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31
Q

plutchiks basic emotions

A

anger, disgust, sadness, fear, surprise, joy and anticipation. each emotion corresponds to an emotion-behavior syndrome common to all living organisms

32
Q

each basic emotion theory agrees that…

A

1.) a small number of basic emotions exist. 2.) basic emotions are universal to all humans and animals, and 3.) basic emotions ae products of biology and evolution

33
Q

in broad what is the cognitive perspective of emotion?

A

asserts firmly that humans experience a greater number of emotions than highlighted by biological tradition

34
Q

what are some of the reasonings behind the cognitive theory?

A

several different emotions can arise from the same biological factor,, make the argument that cognitive activity is a prerequisite to emotion and therefore limitless emotions’ exist,, emotions arise in response to the meaning strutures of given situations,, meaning of an event not just the event itself elicits emotions

35
Q

the main debate is not whether said emotions exist, but rather… what are the solutions to this debate?

A

are they basic?
solution 1:each basic emotion is not a single emotion but rather an emotion family
solution 2: distinguish first order emotions (basic) from second order emotions (cognitively enriched emotional schemas)

36
Q

what is an example of an emotion family?

A

anger: frustration,,hostility,,rage,,fury,,annoyance,,envy

“destroy obstacles theme”

37
Q

all emotional families share…

A

physiological emotional responses

38
Q

language experts have concluded emotional knowledge consists of 5 basic emotion groups

A

anger, fear, sadness, joy, and love

(but through socialization and experience the repertoire grows)

39
Q

all basic emotions include…

A
  1. distinct facial expression
  2. distinct pattern of physiology
  3. automatic appraisals
  4. distinct antecedent cause
  5. inescapable activation
  6. presence in other primates
  7. rapid onset
  8. brief duration
  9. distinct feeling state
  10. distinct cognition
40
Q

guilt, shame, embarrassment, interest, love and hat meet almost…

A

all of the basic criteria

41
Q

why are jealousy, hope, anxiety, depression, aggression, and worry not considered basic>

A
  1. many emotions are experienced based derivatives of a basic emotion
  2. many emotion terms actually better describe moods/attitudes/personality traits/and disorders
  3. some emotions are blends of basic emotions
  4. many emotion terms refer to only 1 specific aspect of a basic emotion `
42
Q

basic emotions can be conceptualized as…

A

subcortical brain circuits rooted in evolution

43
Q

Izard postulates basic emotions can be identified by meeting 7 criteria

A
  1. is present at birth or emerges during infancy
  2. requires only simple or minimal cognitive processing for activation
  3. is derived thru evolutionary processes
  4. features a unique feeling state
  5. features a unique expression
  6. features a unique function
  7. features a unique motivational force important to survival or well-being
44
Q

emotion schemas develop out of a …

A

dynamic interplay among basic emotions, cognitive, appraisals, and higher order cognition

45
Q

izard believed that…

A

in infancy you have only basic emotions, and are developing schemas, and then in adulthood you have no basic emotions and only schemas

46
Q

darwin argues…

A

emotions help animals adapt to their surroundings

47
Q

what are fundamental life tasks?

A

universal human predicaments ex.) loss, threat, achievement

48
Q

emotions during a life task…

A

energizes and directs behavior in adaptive ways

49
Q

emotions are…

A

primitive yet functional action control systems

50
Q

all emotions are good because

A

they serve a purpose

51
Q

acting in ones emotions can be

A

problematic

52
Q

we make the assumption that people are social by…

A

nature

53
Q

emotions play a functional role in…

A

helping ppl navigate their social interactions and interpersonal relations to solve important social problems

54
Q

this is evidence that we use our emotions to facilitate social interactions

A

humans are more likely to smile socially than they are emotionally

55
Q

negative emotions can also be powerful deterrents of…

A

relationships

56
Q

life is full of stresses, challenges, and problems, and emotions act as

A

solutions

57
Q

human emotion operates within a…

A

2 system design

58
Q

although emotions are automatic responses, we…

A

have the power to change their course

59
Q

what is emotional regulation?

A

how we try and influence which emotions we have, why we have them, how we express them, and- how we experience them

60
Q

5 categories of emotional regulation strategies

A

situation selection, situation modification, attentional focus, reappraisal, and suppression

61
Q

what is situation selection

A

one of the first lines of defense when it comes to emotional regulation,, it involves decided what to do, where to go, who to spend time with, activities to engage it etc.
by selecting one situation over another we are biasing what emotions we are likely to experience

62
Q

what is situation modification?

A

involves program focused coping,, an example would be diffusing an argument

63
Q

what is attentional focus?

A

redirects ones attention within a situation

64
Q

what is reappraisal

A

-changes the way in which a individual thinks about a potentially emotion eliciting situation in order to modify its impact

65
Q

example of a reappraisal

A

someone bumps into you and you immediately get angry and think about how inconsiderate they are,, but you reappraise the situation as an accident and you diffuse your anger

66
Q

people who use reappraisal tend to have better…

A

psychological, social, and physical well being

67
Q

what is suppression

A

-different from the other methods
-used to modify an already occurring motional experience
-mostly a “Do Not” strategy

68
Q

what are the differences between emotion and mood?

A
  1. different antecedents
  2. different action specificity
  3. different time course
69
Q

how are the antecedents of emotions and moods different?

A

emotions emerge from life events, whereas moods emerge from an ill-defined process that is often unknown

70
Q

how are the action specificities of moods and emotions different?

A

emotions directly influence behavior and specific courses of action, whereas moods usually influence cognition and direct a persons thoughts

71
Q

how are the timecourses of moods and emotions different>

A

emotions are short lives, where moods last longer

72
Q

mood acts as a barometer for…

A

our underlying psychological and physiological condition

73
Q

mood exists as a blend of…

A

valence and arousal

74
Q

russels circumplex

A

go look at it in the book

75
Q

what is positive affect?

A

the everyday, low level, general state of feeling good
-more subtle that regular emotion

76
Q

positive affect subtly influences..

A

the info processing flow like what we think about, the decisions we make, etc.

77
Q

what are the benefits of being in a good mood>

A

more likely to help others, prosocial behavior, express greater liking of others, more generous, take more risks, solve problems more creatively, persist, have intrinsic motivation, etc.

Motivation and Emotion (25 decks)

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