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MSK-1 > The Foot > Flashcards

The Foot Flashcards

1
Q

What muscles does the lateral plantar nerve innervate?

A 
(All the rest)
abductor digiti minimi m
quadratus plantae
interossei
Flexor digiti minimi brevis m
adductor hallucis m
lateral 3 lumbricals
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2
Q

What is the first division of the posterior tibial A in the foot?

A

lateral and medial plantar arteries

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3
Q

What does the first dorsal metatarsal arise from?

A

deep plantar a

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4
Q

What nerve innervates the dorsal foot muscles?

A

lateral (muscular) branch of the deep fibular n

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5
Q

What are the attachments of quadratus plantae?

What is its action?

A

calcaneus to tendon of FDL

Assists FDL in flexing lateral 4 digits (keeps them from being pulled medial)

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6
Q

What muscles does the medial plantar nerve innervate?

A 
(exceptions)
Abductor Hallucis M
Flexor digitorum brevis m
flexor hallucis brevis m
Medial first lumbrical m
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7
Q

What is the first layer of plantar muscles?

A

abductor digiti minimi
flexor digitorum brevis
abductor hallucis

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8
Q

What is “layer zero” of the plantar foot?

What do the 5 slips of this connect to?

A

Plantar aponeurosis

connect to tendon sheaths

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9
Q

Which plantar muscles have 2 heads? What are they?

A

adductor Hallucis m = oblique and transverse heads

flexor hallucis brevis m = medial and lateral heads

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10
Q

What do the medial and lateral plantar nerves arise from?

A

Tibial nerve

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11
Q

What is Hallux valgus?

A

lateral deviation of great toe –> tissues swell –> pressure and friction causes bunion

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12
Q

What 2 arteries join to make the deep plantar arch?

A

lateral plantar a and deep branch of medial plantar a

mostly lateral plantar a

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13
Q

What is mallet toe?

A

flexion in DIP joint

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14
Q

What leg artery divides to supply the dorsum of the foot?

A

anterior tibial A

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15
Q

Which plantar artery has a deep and superfical branch?

Which branch meets the deep plantar arch?

A

medial plantar a

deep branch goes to deep plantar arch

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16
Q

What is the 4th layer of plantar muscles?

A

Interossei

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17
Q

What does the lateral plantar a give rise to past the plantar arterial arch?

A

3rd-6th plantar metatarsal and plantar digital arteries

18
Q

What plantar muscle’s tendons have sesamoid bones?

What is the function of those bones?

A

Flexor hallucis brevis

protect first metatarsal head and tendon of FHL when standing and walking

19
Q

What is plantar fasciitis?

A

plantar aponeurosis inflammation at proximal attachment (calcaneus)
pain most severe after sitting and getting out of bed
may lead to heel spur

20
Q

Where does extensor digitorum brevis attach?

A

anterior to lateral malleolus

2-5 intermediate phalanges

21
Q

What is the first branch off of the anterior tibial a in the ankle?

A

lateral malleolar a

22
Q

What does the medial plantar artery give rise to?

A

medial 2 plantar metatarsal and plantar digital arteries

23
Q

What are the attachments of lumbricals?

What is their function?

A

FDL tendon to medial aspect of extensor expansion

flex MP joint and extend PIP and DIP joints

24
Q

What is the second layer of plantar muscles?

A

quadratus plantae
tendons of flexor hallucis longus and flexor digitorum longus
lumbricals

25
Q

What 2 muscles does the medial plantar artery pass between?

A

abductor hallucis and FDB

26
Q

What is trigger toe?

A

in great toe: extended MP, flexed IP

27
Q

How many plantar interossei are there? What is their function?

A

3

PAD = Adduct toes toward 2nd digit

28
Q

Where is the arcuate artery?

A

on dorsum of foot - where lat tarsal a and dorsalis pedis meet

29
Q

What does the anterior tibial a divide into on the foot?

A

lateral tarsal a

dorsalis pedis

30
Q

What is the midline of toe motion?

A

2nd toe

31
Q

What nerve does the lateral plantar artery run with?

A

lateral plantar n

32
Q

What is claw toe?

A

extenion at mp joint and flexion at both pip and dip joints

33
Q

Where does extensor hallucis brevis attach?

A

anterior to lateral malleolus

proximal 1st phalanx

34
Q

How many dorsal interossei are there? What is their function?

A

4

DAB = ABduct toes away from 2nd digit

35
Q

What is a bunion?

What is a corn?

A

tender and inflamed bursa of toe

inflamed area of thick skin over PIP joints

36
Q

What is hammer toe?

A

extension at MP joint and flexion at Pip joint

37
Q

What does the deep plantar A arise from?

A

dorsalis pedis

38
Q

What is the 3rd layer of plantar muscles?

A

Flexor digiti minimi brevis
Adductor hallucis m (transverse and oblique heads)
Flexor Hallucis brevis m (medial and lateral heads)
Opponens digiti minimi (often not present)

39
Q

What leg artery divides to supply the plantar foot?

A

posterior tibial A

40
Q

What does the arcuate artery give rise to?

A

2nd to 5th dorsal metatarsal arteries –> dorsal digital arteries

41
Q

What are the two muscles on the dorsum of the foot?

A

Extensor hallucis brevis

Extensor digitorum brevis

42
Q

what can happen to sesamoid bones when you have a bunion?

A

sesamoid bones get displaced and cause gate disfunction

MSK-1 (28 decks)

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