Posterior Leg Flashcards
What are the attachments for flexor hallucis longus?
inferior 2/3 of posterior fibula
inserts into base of distal phalanx of great toe
(crosses deep to FDL tendon to do this!!)
What are the septa that define the anterior compartment?
Anterior = deep (crural fascia) lateral = anterior septum posterior = interosseous membrane
How does the posterior tibial artery end?
divides into medial and lateral plantar arteries
On which bone is the groove for flexor hallucis longus tendon?
talus
What is the fabella?
sesamoid bone that may be present on at lateral head of gastrocnemius m.
possibly provides leverage for muscle
painful fracture may accompany knee replacement
What is the deepest muscle in the deep posterior compartment?
tibialis posterior
What are the attachments for plantaris m?
lateral end of lateral supracondylar line
calcaneus via calcaneal tendon
(long tendon runs btw gastrocnemius and soleus)
What are the attachments of tibialis posterior?
O: interosseous membrane, posterior tibia inferior to soleal line, posteromedial surface of fibula
I: tarsal and metatarsal bones (navicular tuberosity, cuneiforms, 2-4 metatarsal bases)
What are the arteries participating in the genicular anastomosis?
superior lateral genicular a superior medial genicular a inferior lateral genicular a inferior medial genicular a anterior tibial recurrent A circumflex fibular A Descending branch of lateral femoral circumflex A descending genicular A
What are the septa that define the posterior superficial compartment?
Transverse suptum
posterior septum
What is the action of the soleus m?
plantarflexion
What muscles does the tibial n innervate?
All superficial and deep posterior compartment muscles: gastrocnemius soleus plantaris popliteus flexor hallucis longus flexor digitorum longus tibialis posterior
What are the actions of flexor digitorum longus?
flexes lateral 4 digits
plantarflexes foot at ankle joint
When would you test the posterior tibial pulse?
to examine pts w/ occlusive peripheral arterial disease
What are the actions of flexor hallucis longus?
flexes great toe
plantarflex foot at ankle
How does the tibial nerve end?
divides into medial and lateral plantar nerves
What are the muscles in the superficial posterior compartment of the leg?
gastrocnemius m.
soleus m.
plantaris m.
What is the action of plantaris m?
weak plantarflexion and leg flexion
proposed to be a proprioceptive organ for foot position
What is the order of tendons and neurovascular structures running medial of the calcaneous?
toward the calcaneous: Tom, Dick, AN Harry Tibialis Posterior T Flexor digitorum longus T Posterior Tibial A Tibial N Flexor Hallucis longus
What are the septa that define the posterior deep compartment?
anterior border = interosseous membrane
Posterior border = transverse septum
What does the popliteal a branch into past the knee?
anterior tibial a
posterior tibial a –> fibular a branches off posterior tibial a
What are the actions of tibialis posterior m?
inversion
plantarflexion
What are the attachments of popliteus m?
O: lateral surface of lateral femoral condyle and meniscus
I: posterior tibia (superior to soleal line)
Where do you find the posterior tibial pulse?
What do you ask the pt to do?
btw medial malleolus and calcaneal tendon
Deep to flexor retinaculum
Important to have pt relax retinaculum by inverting foot!
What are the muscles of the deep posterior crural compartment?
popliteus
flexor hallucis longus
flexor digitorum longus
tibialis posterior
What are the attachments of flexor digitorum longus?
posterior tibia (inferior to soleal line passes superficial to FHL distal phalanges of 2-5
What are the nerve and artery for all muscles of the posterior compartments of the leg?
tibial n
posterior tibial A.
How does the fibular A end?
pierces interosseous membrane and anastomoses w/ anterior lateral malleolar A
Where does the soleus m attach?
soleal line of tibia
posterior head of fibula and superior 1/4 of posterior fibula
Inserts to calcaneus via calcaneus tendon
What is the action of gastrocnemius m?
plantar flexes ankle when knee is extended
raises heel turing walking
flexes leg at knee
What is the long tendon of plantaris used for?
reconstructive surgery of hand tendons
its removal doesn’t affect ankle or knee movements
When is plantaris t ruptured?
violent ankle movements (sudden dorsiflexion)
common in bball players, sprinters, ballerinas
pain can be severe so pt can’t bare weight
What are the attachments of gastrocnemius muscle?
O lateral head: lateral condyle of femur
O medial head: popliteal surface of femur, superior to medial condyle
I: posterior surface of calcaneus via calcaneal tendon
What are the septa that define the lateral compartment of the leg?
anteromedial = anterior septum posterior = posteror septum
