Gluteal Region Flashcards
What innervates gluteus medius and minimus muscles?
superior gluteal n
What is the action of tensor fascia latae m.?
abducts, medially rotates, and flexes thigh
slight extension of knee along w/ gluteus maximus
What is the origin and insertion of gluteus maximus?
O: posterior ilium, dorsal sacrum and coccyx, sacrotuberous L
I: IT band, some insert on gluteal tuberosity
What spinal nerves make up the nerve to piriformis?
S1-S2
What spinal nerves supply the superior gluteal n?
L4-S1
What ventral rami make up the posterior femoral cutaneous n?
S1-S3
What is gluteal gait or guchenne’s limp?
gluteus medius and minimus are damaged
hip cocks out on affected side and pelvis lowers on opposite side –> have to lean toward affected side to compensate during stance phase
What do the inferior cluneal nerves come off of? What do they innervate?
branch from posterior femoral cutaneous n
innervate skin of lower part of buttocks
What ligament forms the inferio-medial border of the lesser sciatic foramen?
sacrotuberous ligament
What does the deep branch of the superior gluteal a supply?
gluteus medius m.
gluteus minimus m.
Tensor fascia latae m.
What is tensor fascia latae m. innervated by?
superior gluteal n
What spinal nerves supply the nerve to obturator internus and superior gemellus?
L5-S2
What are the attachments of obturator internus?
pelvic surface of ischium and obturator membrane
medial surface of greater trochanter
What muscles are activated during terminal swing?
quadriceps femoris
hamstrings
tibialis anterior
What spinal nerves make up the sciatic nerve?
L4-S3
What exits the lesser sciatic foramen?
obturator internus m.
What enters the lesser sciatic foramen?
pudendal n and internal pudendal a
obturator internus/superior gemellus n
Where is the ischial bursa?
on ischial tuberosity
Where is quadratus femoris m?
What are its attachments?
inferior to inferior gemellus m
lateral border of ischial tuberosity
quadrate tubercle on intertrochanteric crest
What does the inferior gluteal artery arise from?
What does it supply?
from: internal iliac a Supplies: gluteus maximus small lateral rotators superior hamstrings Cruciate anastomosis
What make up the superior cluneal nerves? What do they innervate?
L1-L3 dorsal Rami
superior and middle cluneal ns innervate superior 2/3 buttocks skin, sacrum and adjacent area
What nerve innervates piriformis m?
nerve to piriformis m
What does the superficial branch of the superior gluteal a supply?
gluteus maximus m.
What spinal nerves supply the nerve to quadratus femoris and inferior gemellus?
L4-S1
Together, what action do the triceps coxae perform?
laterally rotate extended thigh
abduct flexed thigh
steadies femoral head in acetabulum
What make up the middle cluneal nerves? What do they innervate?
S1-S3 dorsal rami
superior and middle cluneal ns innervate superior 2/3 buttocks skin, sacrum and adjacent area
What are the arteries that participate in the cruciate anastomosis?
inferior gluteal artery
transverse branch of medial circumflex femoral a
terminal part of transverse branch of lateral circumflex femoral a
first perforating a
What are the attachments of piriformis m?
O: anterior part of sacrum
I: medial superior portion of greater trochanter
What is the action of the IT band
assists in decelerating adduction of thigh
laterally stabilizes knee
if center of ration is w/in boundaries of IT band –> extensor of the knee when glut max contracts (can compensate for quad paralysis)
if center of rotation is anterior to boundaries of IT band –> flexor at knee
What do the pudendal n and internal pudendal a do in relation to the greater and lesser sciatic foramen?
both exit the greater
both enter the lesser
What are the triceps coxae?
superior and inferior gemellus muscles
obturator internus muscle
What spinal nerves make up the common fibular nerve?
L4-S2
What is the action of gluteus medius and minimus?
thigh abduction and medial rotation (particularly gluteus minimus)
What arteries arise from the internal iliac a.?
Superior gluteal a
inferior gluteal a
internal pudendal a
What muscles are activated during heel off/terminal stance?
triceps surae and ilipsoas
What muscles are activated during midstance?
triceps surae
What are the attachments of superior and inferior gemellus ms?
ischial spine and ischial tuberosity
medial surface of greater trochanter
What is the action of gluteus maximus?
chief extensor of the thigh
lateral rotation
slight extension of leg when working with TFL
What muscles are activated during preswing/toe off?
rectus femoris and iliopsoas
What does the superior gluteal artery arise from?
What are its branches?
arises from internal iliac artery (largest branch)
Superficial branch –> gluteus maximus
deep branch –> gluteus medius, minimus, TFL
What is the general order of the gait cycle?
heel strike/initial contact loading response midstance terminal stance/heel off preswing/toe off terminal swing heel strike
What muscles are activated during heel strike/initial contact?
gluteus maximus, minimus, and medius
tibialis anterior
What does the internal pudendal artery run with?
What does it supply?
pudendal n
supplies perineal muscles and ext genitalia
What spinal nerves make up the pudendal n?
S2-S4
What is the innervation of obturator externus?
obturator n
Where is the trochanteric bursa? What is its clinical relevance?
in btw IT band and greater trochanter
commonly becomes inflamed –> trochanteric bursitis
What muscles are activated during load response?
quadriceps femoris
When during gate cycle are gluteus medius and minimus activated?
When are they relaxed?
during stance phase (when you are weight bearing on leg)
relaxed during swing phase of leg
What exits the greater sciatic foramen?
gluteal neurovascular bundles piriformis sciatic nerve posterior femoral cutaneous n pudendal n and internal pudendal a. obturator internus/superior gemellus n
Where is the obturator externus m? What are its attachments?
deep to pectineus
external margins of obturator foramen on anterior side
trochanteric fossa
What the the IT band attach to?
iliac tubercle to tubercle on lateral tibial condyle
When the patella moves laterally, how does the IT band function?
helps pull patella = synergist with vastus lateralis
antagonist of vastus medialis
What spinal nerves supply the inferior gluteal n?
L5-S2
Where is the gluteofemoral bursa?
on top of gluteus maximus on lateral side of hip below greater trochanter
What is gluteus maximus innervated by?
What is its arterial supply?
inferior gluteal n
branches of superior and inferior gluteal arteries
What spinal nerves make up the tibial nerve?
L4-S3
What ligament separates the the greater sciatic foramen from the lesser sciatic foramen?
sacrospinous ligament
