Gluteal Region

Question 1

What innervates gluteus medius and minimus muscles?

Answer 1

superior gluteal n

Question 2

What is the action of tensor fascia latae m.?

Answer 2

abducts, medially rotates, and flexes thigh

slight extension of knee along w/ gluteus maximus

Question 3

What is the origin and insertion of gluteus maximus?

Answer 3

O: posterior ilium, dorsal sacrum and coccyx, sacrotuberous L
I: IT band, some insert on gluteal tuberosity

Question 4

What spinal nerves make up the nerve to piriformis?

Answer 4

S1-S2

Question 5

What spinal nerves supply the superior gluteal n?

Answer 5

L4-S1

Question 6

What ventral rami make up the posterior femoral cutaneous n?

Answer 6

S1-S3

Question 7

What is gluteal gait or guchenne’s limp?

Answer 7

gluteus medius and minimus are damaged
hip cocks out on affected side and pelvis lowers on opposite side –> have to lean toward affected side to compensate during stance phase

Question 8

What do the inferior cluneal nerves come off of? What do they innervate?

Answer 8

branch from posterior femoral cutaneous n

innervate skin of lower part of buttocks

Question 9

What ligament forms the inferio-medial border of the lesser sciatic foramen?

Answer 9

sacrotuberous ligament

Question 10

What does the deep branch of the superior gluteal a supply?

Answer 10

gluteus medius m.
gluteus minimus m.
Tensor fascia latae m.

Question 11

What is tensor fascia latae m. innervated by?

Answer 11

superior gluteal n

Question 12

What spinal nerves supply the nerve to obturator internus and superior gemellus?

Answer 12

L5-S2

Question 13

What are the attachments of obturator internus?

Answer 13

pelvic surface of ischium and obturator membrane

medial surface of greater trochanter

Question 14

What muscles are activated during terminal swing?

Answer 14

quadriceps femoris
hamstrings
tibialis anterior

Question 15

What spinal nerves make up the sciatic nerve?

Answer 15

L4-S3

Question 16

What exits the lesser sciatic foramen?

Answer 16

obturator internus m.

Question 17

What enters the lesser sciatic foramen?

Answer 17

pudendal n and internal pudendal a

obturator internus/superior gemellus n

Question 18

Where is the ischial bursa?

Answer 18

on ischial tuberosity

Question 19

Where is quadratus femoris m?

What are its attachments?

Answer 19

inferior to inferior gemellus m
lateral border of ischial tuberosity
quadrate tubercle on intertrochanteric crest

Question 20

What does the inferior gluteal artery arise from?

What does it supply?

Answer 20

from: internal iliac a
Supplies:
gluteus maximus
small lateral rotators
superior hamstrings
Cruciate anastomosis

Question 21

What make up the superior cluneal nerves? What do they innervate?

Answer 21

L1-L3 dorsal Rami

superior and middle cluneal ns innervate superior 2/3 buttocks skin, sacrum and adjacent area

Question 22

What nerve innervates piriformis m?

Answer 22

nerve to piriformis m

Question 23

What does the superficial branch of the superior gluteal a supply?

Answer 23

gluteus maximus m.

Question 24

What spinal nerves supply the nerve to quadratus femoris and inferior gemellus?

Answer 24

L4-S1

Question 25

Together, what action do the triceps coxae perform?

Answer 25

laterally rotate extended thigh abduct flexed thigh steadies femoral head in acetabulum

Question 26

What make up the middle cluneal nerves? What do they innervate?

Answer 26

S1-S3 dorsal rami | superior and middle cluneal ns innervate superior 2/3 buttocks skin, sacrum and adjacent area

Question 27

What are the arteries that participate in the cruciate anastomosis?

Answer 27

inferior gluteal artery transverse branch of medial circumflex femoral a terminal part of transverse branch of lateral circumflex femoral a first perforating a

Question 28

What are the attachments of piriformis m?

Answer 28

O: anterior part of sacrum I: medial superior portion of greater trochanter

Question 29

What is the action of the IT band

Answer 29

assists in decelerating adduction of thigh laterally stabilizes knee if center of ration is w/in boundaries of IT band --> extensor of the knee when glut max contracts (can compensate for quad paralysis) if center of rotation is anterior to boundaries of IT band --> flexor at knee

Question 30

What do the pudendal n and internal pudendal a do in relation to the greater and lesser sciatic foramen?

Answer 30

both exit the greater | both enter the lesser

Question 31

What are the triceps coxae?

Answer 31

superior and inferior gemellus muscles | obturator internus muscle

Question 32

What spinal nerves make up the common fibular nerve?

Answer 32

L4-S2

Question 33

What is the action of gluteus medius and minimus?

Answer 33

thigh abduction and medial rotation (particularly gluteus minimus)

Question 34

What arteries arise from the internal iliac a.?

Answer 34

Superior gluteal a inferior gluteal a internal pudendal a

Question 35

What muscles are activated during heel off/terminal stance?

Answer 35

triceps surae and ilipsoas

Question 36

What muscles are activated during midstance?

Answer 36

triceps surae

Question 37

What are the attachments of superior and inferior gemellus ms?

Answer 37

ischial spine and ischial tuberosity | medial surface of greater trochanter

Question 38

What is the action of gluteus maximus?

Answer 38

chief extensor of the thigh lateral rotation slight extension of leg when working with TFL

Question 39

What muscles are activated during preswing/toe off?

Answer 39

rectus femoris and iliopsoas

Question 40

What does the superior gluteal artery arise from? | What are its branches?

Answer 40

arises from internal iliac artery (largest branch) Superficial branch --> gluteus maximus deep branch --> gluteus medius, minimus, TFL

Question 41

What is the general order of the gait cycle?

Answer 41

``` heel strike/initial contact loading response midstance terminal stance/heel off preswing/toe off terminal swing heel strike ```

Question 42

What muscles are activated during heel strike/initial contact?

Answer 42

gluteus maximus, minimus, and medius | tibialis anterior

Question 43

What does the internal pudendal artery run with? | What does it supply?

Answer 43

pudendal n | supplies perineal muscles and ext genitalia

Question 44

What spinal nerves make up the pudendal n?

Answer 44

S2-S4

Question 45

What is the innervation of obturator externus?

Answer 45

obturator n

Question 46

Where is the trochanteric bursa? What is its clinical relevance?

Answer 46

in btw IT band and greater trochanter | commonly becomes inflamed --> trochanteric bursitis

Question 47

What muscles are activated during load response?

Answer 47

quadriceps femoris

Question 48

When during gate cycle are gluteus medius and minimus activated? When are they relaxed?

Answer 48

during stance phase (when you are weight bearing on leg) | relaxed during swing phase of leg

Question 49

What exits the greater sciatic foramen?

Answer 49

``` gluteal neurovascular bundles piriformis sciatic nerve posterior femoral cutaneous n pudendal n and internal pudendal a. obturator internus/superior gemellus n ```

Question 50

Where is the obturator externus m? What are its attachments?

Answer 50

deep to pectineus external margins of obturator foramen on anterior side trochanteric fossa

Question 51

What the the IT band attach to?

Answer 51

iliac tubercle to tubercle on lateral tibial condyle

Question 52

When the patella moves laterally, how does the IT band function?

Answer 52

helps pull patella = synergist with vastus lateralis | antagonist of vastus medialis

Question 53

What spinal nerves supply the inferior gluteal n?

Answer 53

L5-S2

Question 54

Where is the gluteofemoral bursa?

Answer 54

on top of gluteus maximus on lateral side of hip below greater trochanter

Question 55

What is gluteus maximus innervated by? | What is its arterial supply?

Answer 55

inferior gluteal n | branches of superior and inferior gluteal arteries

Question 56

What spinal nerves make up the tibial nerve?

Answer 56

L4-S3

Question 57

What ligament separates the the greater sciatic foramen from the lesser sciatic foramen?

Answer 57

sacrospinous ligament