Femoral Triangle

Question 1

Where do avulsion fractures occur on the femur?

Answer 1

where muscles are attached:
anterior superior and inferior iliac spines
ischial tuberosities
ischiopubic rami

Question 2

What is the medial wall of the femoral triangle?

Answer 2

adductor longus m.

Question 3

What does the lateral circumflex femoral artery supply?

Answer 3

lateral thigh muscles and femur head

Question 4

What is the femoral sheath a prolongation of?

Answer 4

transversalis fascia

Question 5

What skin does the saphenous n supply?

Answer 5

anterior and medial knee and leg

medial foot

Question 6

What sex is more likely to get a femoral hernia?

Answer 6

females

Question 7

Where are deep inguinal lymph nodes?

Answer 7

along medial side of femoral vein

inside femoral canal of femoral sheath

Question 8

What is meralgia paresthetica?

Answer 8

compression of lateral femoral cutaneous nerve as it passes under the inguinal ligament –> pain along lateral thigh

Question 9

How is femoral artery cannulation done?

Answer 9

Insert catheter into femoral artery –> can go all the way up into the left ventricle

Question 10

What do the medial and lateral circumflex arteries normally come off of?

Answer 10

deep femoral artery/ profunda femoris A

Question 11

What is saphenous cutdown?

Answer 11

cutting saphenous vein for bypass purposes anterior to medial malleolus
can damage saphenous nerve –> pain and numbness along medial border of foot

Question 12

What do superficial and deep inguinal lymph nodes drain into?

Answer 12

external iliac lymph nodes

Question 13

What is the base of the femoral triangle?

Answer 13

inguinal ligament

Question 14

What are the 3 branches of the lateral circumflex femoral a?

Answer 14

ascending –> gluteal region
transverse –> cruciate anastomosis
descending –> genicular anastomosis

Question 15

What are the 2 groups of inguinal lymph nodes

Answer 15

superficial = proximal (horizontal) group and distal (vertical) group
deep inguinal lymph nodes

Question 16

What lumbar rami enter the femoral nerve?

Answer 16

L2-L4

Question 17

What is the lateral wall of the femoral triangle?

Answer 17

sartorius m.

Question 18

Due to limb rotation in embryo, where are lumbar and sacral dermatomes visible?

Answer 18

lumbar = anterior
sacral = posterior

Question 19

what is coxa vara?

Answer 19

When angle of femoral neck decreases

dislocation of epiphysis of femoral head can cause this

Question 20

What do inguinal lymph nodes drain?

Answer 20

lymph from lower limb, including gluteal region
perineum and parts of anal canal
anterior abdominal wall

Question 21

What vein is often used in coronary bypass surgery?

Answer 21

great saphenous vein

Question 22

Where is the adductor canal?

Answer 22

begins at femoral triangle apex

ends at adductor hiatus

Question 23

What is the femoral ring?

Answer 23

proximal opening of the femoral canal; covered by parietal peritoneum
site of femoral hernia

Question 24

What happens in a dislocation of epiphysis of the femoral head

Answer 24

usually happens in ages 10-17
can be from one acute trauma or many microtraumas that put stress of epiphyseal plate, usually with abduction and lateral rotation of thigh
usually slips slowly and results in progressive coxa vara

Question 25

What Lumbar rami enter the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve?

Answer 25

L2, 3

Question 26

What vein does the saphenous n travel with?

Answer 26

great saphenous vein

Question 27

What are the branches of the descending genicular artery?

What gives rise to the des. genicular a?

Answer 27

femoral A –> descending genicular A. –> articular branch and saphenous branch

Question 28

What is the adductor hiatus?

Answer 28

opening in tendon of adductor magnus where femoral vessel reach popliteal fossa

Question 29

What do the saphenous n and saphenous branch of the descending genicular a do in the adductor canal?

Answer 29

exit through the medial side of the canal (don’t go straight through)

Question 30

What are the cutaneous branches of the femoral N?

Answer 30

anterior cutaneous branches

saphenous n

Question 31

Where are the distal group of superficial inguinal lymph nodes?

Answer 31

along each side of great saphenous vein = vertical

Question 32

What is the main blood supply to the femoral head and neck?

Answer 32

medial circumflex femoral artery

Question 33

Where are the proximal group of superficial inguinal lymph nodes?

Answer 33

1 cm inferior to inguinal ligament = run horizontally

Question 34

What is the most frequently fractured part of the femur? Why?

Answer 34

femoral neck
narrowest and weakest part of the bone
increasingly vulnerable w/ age = women + osteoporosis

Question 35

What sex is more likely to get an inguinal hernia?

Answer 35

males

Question 36

Anterior hip dislocation may affect what nerves?

Answer 36

femoral n

lateral femoral cutaneous n

Question 37

Where do avulsion fractures occur in general?

Answer 37

apophyses = bony projections w/out primary ossification centers

Question 38

What muscles does the femoral nerve innervate?

Answer 38

(Some Questions I Ponder)
Iliacus
sartorius
quadriceps femoris
pectineus

Question 39

What is the femoral canal?

Answer 39

Short, conical medial compartment of femoral sheath

empty space w/ lymph that allows for femoral vein to expand

Question 40

The term “hip fracture” is most commonly applied to what?

Answer 40

fractures of femoral head, neck, or trochanters

Question 41

What is the terminal cutaneous branch of the femoral nerve?

Answer 41

saphenous n

Question 42

What is in the femoral sheath?

Answer 42

Femoral A.
Femoral V.
Empty space for Lymph
Does not contain the femoral nerve!!!

Question 43

What is the floor of the femoral triangle?

Answer 43

pectineus and iliopsoas muscles

Question 44

What is coxa valga?

Answer 44

When angle of femoral neck increases