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MSK-1 > Bone Histology > Flashcards

Bone Histology Flashcards

1
Q

What is the cement line?

A

separates osteon from interstitial lamellae

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2
Q

Where is red marrow found in an infant?

A

everywhere

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3
Q

What is in the outer layer of periosteum?

A

blood vessels and nerves
fibroblasts
collagen fibers
sharpey’s fibers

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4
Q

What are osteoblasts?

A

epithelial-like cells w/ cuboidal/columnar shapes
form matrix of bone tissue
deposit osteoid and control mineralization
give strong cytochemical rxn for alkphos

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5
Q

Where are Osteoclasts found?

A

Howship’s Lacuna

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6
Q

What is osteomalacia?

A

adult form of rickets - progressive softening and bending of bone
vit d deficiency or GI disease

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7
Q

How much of bone matrix is organic (not minerals)?

A

35%

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8
Q

What percentage of inorganic bone makes up the matrix?

What is in it?

A

65%

calcium phosphate, hydroxyapatite

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9
Q

What is compact bone?

A

outer solid cortex surrounding spongy bone

lamellar bone

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10
Q

What are osteoprogenitor cells?

A

mesenchymal origin w/ stem cell properties
found in inner layer of periosteum and endosteum
give rise to osteoblasts
reactivated in times of bone repair

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11
Q

What would you find at the center of an osteon?

A

a haversian canal that houses capillaries and post-capillary venules

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12
Q

What are the 2 layers of the periosteum?

A

inner layer

outer layer

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13
Q

What are canaliculi?

A

tiny little channels in an osteon that allow osteocytes to have projections to connect to other osteocytes and get nutrients

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14
Q

What is in the inner layer of the periosteum?

A

osteoprogenitor cells

osteogenic layer

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15
Q

What are inner circumferential lamellae?

A

internal surface of bone

subjacent to endosteum

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16
Q

What is spongy bone?

A

also known as trabecular/cancellous bone
inner layer
spaces for bone marrow
lamellar or woven

17
Q

What happens to Alkaline Phosphatase when osteoblasts become osteocytes?

A

alkphos disappears

18
Q

What is rickets?

A

calcium or vit D defficiency –> defect in mineralization of cartilage in growth plate –> bowed limbs, delayed closure of fontanelles

19
Q

What type of collagen is predominant in bone?

A

type I

20
Q

Where is red marrow found in an adult?

A

skull, vertebrae, ribs, clavicle, scapula, pelvis, heads of femur and humerus

21
Q

What is woven bone?

A 
immature/primary
replaced by lamellar
loose arrangement of collagen
more cells, less mineral content
forms during Fx repair/remodeling
22
Q

What is the general composition of bone matrix?

A

90% ECM and 10% water

23
Q

What are interstitial lamellae?

A

between osteons

separated from osteon by cement line

24
Q

What is a volkmann’s canal?

A

transverse vascular channel that connect haversian canals

25
Q

What are sharpey’s fibers

A

found in the outer layer of the periosteum

anchoring collagen fibers penetratint the outer circumferential lamellae

26
Q

What is the outer circumferential lamellae?

A

external surface of compact bone

under the periosteum

27
Q

Where is the periosteum?

A

lines bone on the outside

28
Q

What makes up organic bone?

A

type I collagen
osteoid (unmineralized bone)
ground substance = proteoglycans, glycoproteins, growth factors/cytokines, Vit K-dep proteins

29
Q

What are osteocytes?

A

osteoblasts trapped in lacunae in matrix
deposit osteoid matrix
branches in canaliculi

30
Q

What is osteoporosis?

A

imbalance btw osteoclast resorption of bone and osteoblast deposition
elderly and postmenopausal females

31
Q

What is achondroplasia caused by?

A

autosomal dominant mutation in FGFR3 –> endochondral growth inhibitted too early –> short limbs

32
Q

What is the function of osteoclasts?

A

generate a secluded acidic environment for bone resorption
mediated by H+-ATPase –> degradation of organic matrix via cathepsin K protease
impt in bone remodeling and renewal

33
Q

What is an osteon/ haversian system?

A

concentrically arranged lamellae around a vascular channel

34
Q

Where is the endosteum?

A

lines marrow cavity
covers spongy walls
extends into all cavities of bone
contains osteoprogenitor cells

35
Q

What is lamellar bone?

A

mature/secondary
regular parallel arrangement of collagen
not visible on H&E stains
form of most adult bone = strong, forms slowly

36
Q

How do osteoclasts form?

A

NOT from osteoblasts

monocytes –> enter bone –> osteoclasts

37
Q

Why do you feel pain if you break a bone?

A

bc periosteum is innervated by nerves

outer layer

38
Q

What enzyme helps degrade organic bone matrix?

A

Cathepsin K protease

MSK-1 (28 decks)

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