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MSK-1 > Joints of LE 1: Ligaments and Articular Capsules > Flashcards

Joints of LE 1: Ligaments and Articular Capsules Flashcards

1
Q

Where is the transverse acetabular ligament?

What is special about its function?

A

connects inferior aspects of labrum

allows for vessels to penetrate w/in acetabulum

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2
Q

Where does the medial/tibial collateral ligament attach?

If it tears, what normally happens?

A

medial femoral condyle –> tibial medial surface and medial meniscus
Will usually tear w/ medial meniscus

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3
Q

Where is the oblique popliteal ligament?

A

on posterior knee

posterior to medial tibial condyle –> lateral femoral condyle

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4
Q

Where is the ligamentum teres?

What is its function?

A

attaches from head of femur to acetabulum
transverse acetabular L runs perpendicularly over it
keeps femoral head in place

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5
Q

What is the varus stress test?

A

push medial to lateral on slightly flexed knee

tests LCL

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6
Q

What is Lachman’s test?

A

flex pts knee –> pull tibia anteriorly to test ACL

push tibia posteriorly to test PCL

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7
Q

What does the McMurray test evaluate?

A

damage to menisci
push lateral to medial and straighten knee –> tests lateral meniscus
push medial to lateral and straghten knee –> tests medial meniscus

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8
Q

Where is the arcuate popliteal L?

A

On posterior knee

Starts on posterolateral part of fibular head –> runs superomedially over popliteus m

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9
Q

Where is the Anterolateral ligament?

What is its function?

A

from lateral condyle of femur to just lateral of gurney’s tubercle on the Tibia
Prevents excessive tibial rotation when knee is in full extension (can be torn w/ ACL)

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10
Q

What are the intracapsular ligaments of the hip?

A

zona orbicularis
ligamentum teres
transverse acetabular ligament
labrum (not really a ligament, but on same slide)

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11
Q

What are the extracapsular ligaments of the hip we need to know?

A

iliofemoral ligament
pubofemoral ligament
ischiofemoral ligament

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12
Q

Where is the PCL?

What is its function?

A

Stars at posterior intracondylar area of tibia –> runs superior, anterior, and medial to lateral aspect of medial condyle
Prevents femur going anteriorly on tibia when knee is flexed

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13
Q

What are extracapsular ligaments?

A

ligaments located outside of the articular capsule

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14
Q

What is the function of the menisci?

A

shock absorbers

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15
Q

What is the valgus stress test?

A

tests MCL
push lateral to medial lateral on slightly flexed knee
look for laxity or looseness

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16
Q

What is the function of the pubofemoral ligament?

where does it attach?

A

from obturator crest to iliofemoral L

tightens during extension, prevents hyperabduction

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17
Q

Where is the ACL?

What is its function?

A

starts on anterior intracondylar area of tibia –> goes superior, posterior, and laterally to medial aspect of lateral condyle of femur
limits rolling of condyles on tibial plateau and limits hyperextension

18
Q

What is the function of both the oblique and arcuate popliteal ligaments?

A

reinforce joint capsule posteriorly

19
Q

What is special about the blood supply to the head of the femur?

A

During childhood there is an artery that runs through the ligamentum teres = artery to head of femur
normal closes and medial circumflex femoral A takes over, but in some cases it won’t do so completely (Bo Jackson)

20
Q

Where is the labrum?

What is its function?

A

Half-moon shaped cartilage in acetabulum

deepens acetabulum to hold femur in place

21
Q

What is the unhappy triad?

A

When a force comes lateral to medial:

ACL, MCL, and medial meniscus tear

22
Q

What does a synovial membrane cover?

What about the potential space

A 
all parts of joint where there is not articular cartilage
potential space (inside membrane) goes all the way through joint
23
Q

Where is the zona orbicularis?

What is its function

A

runs in a circle around femoral neck perpendicular to the extracapsular ligaments
gives extra support to head and neck of femur

24
Q

Which is weaker, the LCL or the MCL?

A

MCL is weaker

25
Q

What are intracapsular ligaments?

A

ligaments inside the articular capsule

26
Q

Where does the ischiofemoral L attach?

What is clinically relevant about it?

A

(on posterior hip) ischial part of acetabular rim –> medial to greater trochanter
the weakest extracapsular ligament - hip dislocations are often posterior

27
Q

What is special about the Lateral Collateral Ligament in respect to muscles?

A

LCL splits biceps femoris tendon in 2

popliteus m runs under lcl and separates it from the meniscus

28
Q

What does the iliofemoral ligament do?

Where does it attach?

A

Prevents hip hyperextension
from anterior inferior iliac spine (AIIS) to intertrochanteric line
(y-shaped)

29
Q

What is the drawer test?

A

pretty much same as Lachman’s test, but you have pt’s knee and hip flexed and sit on their foot
push/pull tibia to test ACL and PCL

30
Q

Where is the transverse ligament of the knee?

A

on anterior tibia connecting the menisci

31
Q

What is the most common direction of hip dislocation?

How will the hip joint look if pt has this?

A

posterior

will look flexed, internally rotated, and adducted

32
Q

Attached to the fibula, what are the 3 important ankle ligaments to know?

A

Anterior talofibular L.
Posterior Talofibular L.
Calcaneofibular L.

33
Q

What are the 4 parts of the deltoid ligament?

A

Anterior Tibio-Talar part
Posterior Tibio-Talar part
Tibionavicular part
tibiocalcaneal part

34
Q

What makes up the medial longitudinal arch of the foot?

A

Medial rays (first 3 metatarsals)
Cuneiforms
Navicular
Talus

35
Q

What makes up the Lateral longitudinal Arch of the foot?

A

Lateral rays (last 2 metatarsals)
cuboid
clacaneus
Talus (I think is in both medial and longitudinal arch)

36
Q

What makes up the transverse arch of the foot?

A

Cuboid
Cuneiform
proximal heads of metatarsals

37
Q

What 2 tendons are arch supports?

A

T of fibularis Longus m

T of Tibialis Posterior M.

38
Q

What 3 ligaments are arch supports?

A

Long plantar L.
Plantar calcaneocuboid ligament (long plantar L.)
Plantar calcaneonavicular ligament (spring ligament)

39
Q

What does the long plantar ligament connect?

A

calcaneus and cuboid bones

also known as plantar calcaneocuboid L.

40
Q

What does the spring ligament connect?

A

calcaneus and navicular bones

also known as plantar calcaneonavicular l.

41
Q

What is Pes Planus?

A

flat feet

42
Q

What are the 3 types of pes planus?

A 
flexible = stretchy ligaments
rigid = boney deformities
acquired = tibialis posterior tendon becomes lax

MSK-1 (28 decks)

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