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MSK-1 > Development of the Peripheral Nervous System > Flashcards

Development of the Peripheral Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

Where are the ganglia in the parasympathetic nervous system?

A

usually in wall of viscera

four cranial ganglia

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2
Q

When do PNS schwann cells myelinate nerves?

A

motor roots myelinated before sensory

fourth month

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3
Q

What is the sympathetic nervous system?

A

fight or flight

in thoraco-lumbar region

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4
Q

What does the neural tube below the 4th somite turn into?

A

spinal cord

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5
Q

what is the sulcus limitans?

A

line that divides neural tube into alar and basal plate

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6
Q

What does smooth and cardiac muscle form from?

A

splanchnic mesoderm

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7
Q

Where is a newborn’s spinal cord ending?

A

L2 or L3 (lower than an adult, if you were to do a lumbar puncture, have to go at L4/L5)

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8
Q

What does the 4th somite and above neural tube turn into?

A

brain

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9
Q

Where does the dorsal ramus go?

A

both motor and sensory neurons
motor –> dorsal muscles
sensory –> dorsal integument

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10
Q

What are SVE neurons?

A

Special/branchial visceral efferent

motor to muscles derived from pharyngeal arches = face and neck muscles

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11
Q

What are GVA neurons?

A

general visceral afferent = from NC

sensory of visceral structures (organs from endoderm or mesoderm adjacent to endoderm)

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12
Q

What is the parasympathetic nervous system?

A

rest and digest
cranial nerves
2nd to 4th sacral spinal nerves

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13
Q

In the ANS, where are post-ganglion cells? What are they derived from?

A

from ganglion to body part

derived from neural crest cells

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14
Q

What are SVA neurons?

A

special visceral afferent = from NC

chemical senses = taste and smell

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15
Q

What PNS cells develop from neural tube?

A

motor neurons

pre-ganglionic autonomic neurons

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16
Q

What things come from the ventricular zone?

A

ventrical cells and CSF

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17
Q

What are postganglionic neurons like in the sympathetic nervous system?

A

long

UNmyelinated

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18
Q

what is the basal plate?

A

anterior part of neural tube = motor

19
Q

What types of PNS neurons come from neural crest?

A

Afferent = GSA, GVA, SSA, SVA

20
Q

What type of tissue comes from the marginal zone?

A

myelinated neurons (white matter); oligodendrocytes are found here

21
Q

In the ANS, where are pre-ganglion cells? What are they derived from?

A

extend from spinal cord to ganglia

made from neuroectoderm/neural tube

22
Q

Where does the ventral ramus go?

A

both motor and sensory
motor –> limbs, lateral and ventral body wall
sensory –> integument of same regions

23
Q

What are the neurons like in the parasympathetic nervous system?

A 
prenganglionic = long and myelinated
postganglionic = short and UNmyelinated
24
Q

What PNS cells develop from neural crest?

A 
neurons of dorsal root ganglia
sensory ganglia of cranial nerves
schwann cells
sympathetic ganglia
parasympathetic ganglia
25
Q

What is the autonomic nervous system (ANS)?

A

innervation of smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands

sympathetic and parasympathetic

26
Q

In Sympathetic NS, what is the ratio of sizes of preganglionic and postganglionic neurons?

A

short pre

long post

27
Q

The peripheral nervous system is divided up into what parts?

A

somatic = voluntary

autonomic –> sympathetic and parasympathetic

28
Q

What are preganglionic neurons like in the sympathetic nervous system?

A

short

myelinated

29
Q

How many cranial nerves are there?

A

12

30
Q

What is the alar plate?

A

posterior part of neural tube = sensory

31
Q

What are afferent neurons?

A

sensory

32
Q

what are efferent neurons?

A

motor

33
Q

What are SSA neurons?

A

special somatic afferent = from NC

sensory of hearing, balance and sight

34
Q

When do CNS oligodendrocytes myelinate nerves?

A

starts in lower brain stem (older tracts first)

6th month through puberty

35
Q

What type of cells immediately give rise to CSF?

A

choroid plexus cells

36
Q

What is the enteric plexus?

A

nerves that innervates the gut

37
Q

What are GVE neurons?

A

General visceral efferent

autonomic motor to smooth and cardiac muscle and glands

38
Q

What is the autonomic PNS?

A

unconscious and involuntary motor and sensory neurons

parasympathetic and sympathetic

39
Q

What types of PNS neurons come from neuroectoderm?

A

efferent = GSE, GVE, SVE

40
Q

What are GSA neurons?

A

general somatic afferent = from NC cells

sensory in skin, joint capsule, tendon, muscle (all from ectoderm or mesoderm just adjacent to ectoderm)

41
Q

What are GSE neurons?

A

general somatic efferent

motor to somatic muscle (from somites)

42
Q

What are microglia and what germ layer do they arise from?

A

phagocytic cells of CNS

come from mesoderm

43
Q

What types of tissue comes from the intermediate zone?

A

glial cells and unmyelinated neurons (gray matter)

44
Q

Somatic PNS

A

voluntary motor and sensory neurons

MSK-1 (28 decks)

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