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MSK-1 > Connective Tissue > Flashcards

Connective Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

What is areolar CT?

A

low density tissue w/ both fixed and wandering cells; widespread
loose ct

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2
Q

How are type 1 collagen fibrils organized?

A

aligned and crosslinked - to increase tensile strength

can see banding in electron micrographs

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3
Q

What is reticular CT?

A

loose CT

rich in reticular fibers; forms an open framework to create a supportive mesh for holding free cells

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4
Q

Where is dense irregular CT found?

A

dermis of skin
capsules that surround internal organs
perichondrium and periosteum
fascia

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5
Q

Where is adipose CT found?

A

under skin
around organs
w/in abdomen, breasts, and buttocks

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6
Q

What separates CT cells?

A

extracellular matrix (ECM)

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7
Q

What is the function of brown fat?

A

thermogenic tissue = produces heat

abundant in newborns, reduced in adults

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8
Q

What is dense regular CT?

A 
dense CT
collage fibers in highly regular pattern
fibroblasts principle cell type
poorly vascularized
resists tension - wave when loose
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9
Q

What is the function of chondrocytes?

A

produce bone components

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10
Q

What are the wandering cells in Loose areolar ct?

A

macrophages
mast cells
leukocytes/lymphocytes
plasma cells

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11
Q

What do adipocytes look like?

A

closely packed with nuclei pushed to the side by large fat droplet

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12
Q

What is elastic CT?

A

contains high proportion of elastic fibers = allows recoil

in blood vessel walls, bronchioles, and special ligaments

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13
Q

What is dense irregular CT?

A

dense CT
ECM of tightly packed collagen fibers in random pattern
fibroblasts are principle cell type

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14
Q

Where is reticular connective tissue found?

A

liver
bone marrow
lymph nodes
spleen

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15
Q

What are the cells of connective tissue? (6)

A 
fibroblasts
mesenchymal cells
adipocytes
chondrocytes
osteoblasts
hematopoietic stem cells
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16
Q

What is the function of hematopoietic stem cells?

A

produce red blood cells and immune cells

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17
Q

What are the main components of the ECM of fibrous connective tissue?

A

Collagens
elastin
reticular fibers

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18
Q

What are the fixed cells in loose areolar CT?

A

fibroblasts
adipocytes
mesenchymal cells

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19
Q

What is embryonic connective tissue like?

A

rich in ECM and mesenchymal stem cells

not as much collagen or reticular fibers

20
Q

Where is dense regular CT found?

A 
tendons
ligaments
aponeuroses
dense fascia
joint capsules
21
Q

What is the function of Loose CT?

Where is it located?

A

supports and binds other tissues, hold body fluids, defends against infection
found beneath membranous epithelia; around blood vessels, muscles, and nerves

22
Q

What are reticular fibers?

A

supportive meshwork

type 3 collagen is a component

23
Q

What are the 2 types of fat?

A

white fat

brown fat

24
Q

What are macrophages?

A

differentiate from blood monocyte

phagocytose

25
Q

What characterizes adipose CT?

A

Loose Ct w/ abundant adipocytes and sparse ECM
reserve energy source and insulation against heat loss
pads organs

26
Q

What is the function of mesenchymal cells?

A

CT stem cells, pleuripotent

27
Q

What are the types of dense connective tissue?

A

dense irregular
dense regular
elastic

28
Q

What do mast cells do?

A

secrete histamine = allergic response

and heparin = anti-coagulant

29
Q

What is the state of ECM in bone?

A

mineralized

30
Q

What are the types of loose connective tissue?

A

areolar
adipose
reticular

31
Q

What is Marfan’s syndrome?

A

Autosomal dominant mutation in fibrillin-1 gene –> weak elastin
affects ocular, skeletal, and cardio systems
life threatening cardio anomalies (aneurysms)
tall w/ long arms/legs

32
Q

What is the function of ECM that is overlooked (mentioned by Brauer in lecture)?

A

carries O2, CO2, nutrients, and wastes

33
Q

What is collagen’s main function?

Which type is most common?

A 
resists tension (leather belt)
type 1 is most common
34
Q

What are the 3 types of glycoproteins mentioned?

A 
cytokines
growth factors (TGF-Beta)
structural proteins (fibronectin, laminins, etc)
35
Q

What is Ehlers-Danlos syndrome?

A

mutation that causes abnormal collagen synthesis –> weak collagen fibers

36
Q

What is the principle cell type of dense irregular CT?

A

fibroblast

37
Q

What is the function of white fat?

A

energy storage and insulation
cushioning vital organs
hormone secretion

38
Q

What is the lamina propria?

A

loose ct immediately beneath membranous epithelia

39
Q

What are plasma cells?

A

differentiate from B-lymphocytes

produce antibodies that mediate immunity

40
Q

What is the function of adipocytes?

A

remove lipids from blood, store it, and release when needed

41
Q

What are the elastin subunits?

A

tropoelastin
fibulin-1
fibrillins 1/2

42
Q

What is the function of fibroblasts?

A

produce collagens, elastin, proteoglycans, and glycoproteins

in the ECM

43
Q

What are the types of ECM ground substance molecules mentioned? (4)

A

Proteoglycans
hyaluronan
glycoproteins
extracellular proenzymes

44
Q

What are the 2 main classes of fibrous CT?

A

loose CT

Dense CT

45
Q

What is warton’s jelly?

A

embryonic CT in umbilical cord

46
Q

What is vitamin C a cofactor for?

A

cross-linking collagen fibers

MSK-1 (28 decks)

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