Connective Tissue

Question 1

What is areolar CT?

Answer 1

low density tissue w/ both fixed and wandering cells; widespread
loose ct

Question 2

How are type 1 collagen fibrils organized?

Answer 2

aligned and crosslinked - to increase tensile strength

can see banding in electron micrographs

Question 3

What is reticular CT?

Answer 3

loose CT

rich in reticular fibers; forms an open framework to create a supportive mesh for holding free cells

Question 4

Where is dense irregular CT found?

Answer 4

dermis of skin
capsules that surround internal organs
perichondrium and periosteum
fascia

Question 5

Where is adipose CT found?

Answer 5

under skin
around organs
w/in abdomen, breasts, and buttocks

Question 6

What separates CT cells?

Answer 6

extracellular matrix (ECM)

Question 7

What is the function of brown fat?

Answer 7

thermogenic tissue = produces heat

abundant in newborns, reduced in adults

Question 8

What is dense regular CT?

Answer 8

dense CT
collage fibers in highly regular pattern
fibroblasts principle cell type
poorly vascularized
resists tension - wave when loose

Question 9

What is the function of chondrocytes?

Answer 9

produce bone components

Question 10

What are the wandering cells in Loose areolar ct?

Answer 10

macrophages
mast cells
leukocytes/lymphocytes
plasma cells

Question 11

What do adipocytes look like?

Answer 11

closely packed with nuclei pushed to the side by large fat droplet

Question 12

What is elastic CT?

Answer 12

contains high proportion of elastic fibers = allows recoil

in blood vessel walls, bronchioles, and special ligaments

Question 13

What is dense irregular CT?

Answer 13

dense CT
ECM of tightly packed collagen fibers in random pattern
fibroblasts are principle cell type

Question 14

Where is reticular connective tissue found?

Answer 14

liver
bone marrow
lymph nodes
spleen

Question 15

What are the cells of connective tissue? (6)

Answer 15

fibroblasts
mesenchymal cells
adipocytes
chondrocytes
osteoblasts
hematopoietic stem cells

Question 16

What is the function of hematopoietic stem cells?

Answer 16

produce red blood cells and immune cells

Question 17

What are the main components of the ECM of fibrous connective tissue?

Answer 17

Collagens
elastin
reticular fibers

Question 18

What are the fixed cells in loose areolar CT?

Answer 18

fibroblasts
adipocytes
mesenchymal cells

Question 19

What is embryonic connective tissue like?

Answer 19

rich in ECM and mesenchymal stem cells

not as much collagen or reticular fibers

Question 20

Where is dense regular CT found?

Answer 20

tendons
ligaments
aponeuroses
dense fascia
joint capsules

Question 21

What is the function of Loose CT?

Where is it located?

Answer 21

supports and binds other tissues, hold body fluids, defends against infection
found beneath membranous epithelia; around blood vessels, muscles, and nerves

Question 22

What are reticular fibers?

Answer 22

supportive meshwork

type 3 collagen is a component

Question 23

What are the 2 types of fat?

Answer 23

white fat

brown fat

Question 24

What are macrophages?

Answer 24

differentiate from blood monocyte

phagocytose

Question 25

What characterizes adipose CT?

Answer 25

Loose Ct w/ abundant adipocytes and sparse ECM reserve energy source and insulation against heat loss pads organs

Question 26

What is the function of mesenchymal cells?

Answer 26

CT stem cells, pleuripotent

Question 27

What are the types of dense connective tissue?

Answer 27

dense irregular dense regular elastic

Question 28

What do mast cells do?

Answer 28

secrete histamine = allergic response | and heparin = anti-coagulant

Question 29

What is the state of ECM in bone?

Answer 29

mineralized

Question 30

What are the types of loose connective tissue?

Answer 30

areolar adipose reticular

Question 31

What is Marfan's syndrome?

Answer 31

Autosomal dominant mutation in fibrillin-1 gene --> weak elastin affects ocular, skeletal, and cardio systems life threatening cardio anomalies (aneurysms) tall w/ long arms/legs

Question 32

What is the function of ECM that is overlooked (mentioned by Brauer in lecture)?

Answer 32

carries O2, CO2, nutrients, and wastes

Question 33

What is collagen's main function? | Which type is most common?

Answer 33

``` resists tension (leather belt) type 1 is most common ```

Question 34

What are the 3 types of glycoproteins mentioned?

Answer 34

``` cytokines growth factors (TGF-Beta) structural proteins (fibronectin, laminins, etc) ```

Question 35

What is Ehlers-Danlos syndrome?

Answer 35

mutation that causes abnormal collagen synthesis --> weak collagen fibers

Question 36

What is the principle cell type of dense irregular CT?

Answer 36

fibroblast

Question 37

What is the function of white fat?

Answer 37

energy storage and insulation cushioning vital organs hormone secretion

Question 38

What is the lamina propria?

Answer 38

loose ct immediately beneath membranous epithelia

Question 39

What are plasma cells?

Answer 39

differentiate from B-lymphocytes | produce antibodies that mediate immunity

Question 40

What is the function of adipocytes?

Answer 40

remove lipids from blood, store it, and release when needed

Question 41

What are the elastin subunits?

Answer 41

tropoelastin fibulin-1 fibrillins 1/2

Question 42

What is the function of fibroblasts?

Answer 42

produce collagens, elastin, proteoglycans, and glycoproteins | in the ECM

Question 43

What are the types of ECM ground substance molecules mentioned? (4)

Answer 43

Proteoglycans hyaluronan glycoproteins extracellular proenzymes

Question 44

What are the 2 main classes of fibrous CT?

Answer 44

loose CT | Dense CT

Question 45

What is warton's jelly?

Answer 45

embryonic CT in umbilical cord

Question 46

What is vitamin C a cofactor for?

Answer 46

cross-linking collagen fibers