Back Arthrology Flashcards
What are the types of synovial joints? (7)
planar ginglymus trochoid condyloid sellar spherioidal compound synovial
What are the types of fibrous joints? (4)
sutures
schindylesis
gomphosis
syndesmosis
What are the types of suture joints?
serrated suture
squamous suture
planar suture
What is a squamous suture?
joined bone with 2 beveled surfaces
what is a planar suture?
2 blunt ends joined by fibrous connective tissue
What is a schindylesis?
tongue-in-groove joined by fibrous connective tissue
fibrous joint
What is a gomphosis?
peg-in-socket joined by fibrous connective tissue (teeth)
fibrous joint
What is a syndesmosis?
2 bones separated by a fibrous membrane
radius and ulna
fibrous joint
What are the types of cartilaginous joints? (2)
synchondrosis
symphysis
What is a synchondrosis?
primary cartilagenous joint
temp unions of hyaline cartilage; usually btw diaphysis and epiphysis
planar joint
synovial; plane flat; clavicle
ginglymus joint
synovial
hinge
trochoid joint
synovial
pivoting = ulna, atlantoaxial
condyloid joint
synovial
one or 2 concave surfaces w/ 1 or 2 convex; biaxial
wrist
sellar joint
synovial
saddle; both surfaces are convex and concave; biaxial
thumb
spheroidal joint
synovial
ball and socket
hip
compound synovial
any combo of synovial joints
What is a symphysis?
secondary cartilaginous joints
strong and slightly moveable
pubic symphysis
What is a compound joint?
includes articulations from multiple of synovial, fibrous, or cartilaginous
What type of joint is C1/C2
cpd synovial
planar and trochoid
What type of joints are C3-S1?
compound joint
symphysis and planar synovial
What type of joint is S5 to Co1?
symphysis
What type of joints are C1-S1?
zygophyseal
planar synovial
What is the uncovertebral joint of Luschka?
cervical intervertebral joint
btwn the uncinate process of the inferior vertebra and surface of superior vertebra
unclear if it should be classified as synovial
What is the anterior longitudinal L?
ligament that travels on the anterior surface of the vertebral bodies
What injury results in excessive stretching and even tearing of the anterior longitudinal ligament?
whiplash
When a fracture of the vertebral column occurs (except cervical fractures due to hyperextension), how should a pt be kept and why?
in hyperextension because the pull of the anterior long. ligament will help splint the bones and prevent further spinal cord injury
What does the supraspinous ligament continue as in the cervical region?
ligamentum nuchae
What are the two parts of intervertebral discs?
annulus fibrosis
nucleus pulposus
How does disc herniation usually occur?
nucleus pulposus goes through annulus fibrosis posterolaterally where the annulus fib. has no support from ant and post longitudinal Ls
What does disc herniation compress?
spinal nerve roots
cauda equina
spinal nerves in vertebral canal and intervertebral foramina
Where does disc herniation most commonly occur?
Why?
L4/5 and L5/S1
discs are larger and more mobile
What is the second number rule?
vertebral level at which a prolapse occurs will affect spinal nerve w/ 2nd number designation
ex: prolapse at C5/6 will affect nerve 6
