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MSK-1 > Cartilage Histology > Flashcards

Cartilage Histology Flashcards

1
Q

What are the cells in cartilage?

A

chondroblasts

chondrocytes

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2
Q

what are chondroblasts?

A

cells that secrete cartilage matrix

mitotic capabilities

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3
Q

What are chondrocytes?

A

mature cartilage cells in lacunae

surrounded by and maintain matrix

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4
Q

What type of collagen is predominant in cartilage matrix?

A 
type II
(type I is in fibrocartilage and outer perichondrium in smaller amounts)
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5
Q

What is the ground substance of cartilage made of?

A 
proteoglycans:
hyaluronic acid
chondroitin sulfate
keratin sulfate
aggrecan
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6
Q

What are the types of cartilage?

A

hyaline
elastic
fibrocartilage

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7
Q

What characterizes hyaline cartilage/where is it found?

A

surrounded by perichondrium (except articular)
type II collagen
location: articular cartilage, larynx, trachea, ribs, embryonic dev.

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8
Q

Where is elastic cartilage found?

A

external ear, epiglottis

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9
Q

Where is fibrocartilage found?

A

Location: intervertebral discs, pubic symphysis, TMJ

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10
Q

How are chondrocytes arranged in hyaline cartilage?

A

in isogenous groups

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11
Q

What is territorial matrix

A 
immediately surrounding and encompassing isogenous grps
moderately staining (darker than interterritorial matrix)
high GAGs, less collagen
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12
Q

What is interterritorial matrix?

A

surrounds territorial matrix
light staining
more collagen, fewer proteoglycans

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13
Q

What is perichondrium?

A

dense irregular CT = outer boundary of cartilage
contains a vascular supply
NOT on fibrous cartilage
source of new cartilage cells

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14
Q

What are the two layers of perichondrium?

A 
Fibrous = outer
chondrogenic = inner
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15
Q

What is the fibrous layer of the perichondrium?

A

outer layer that produces type I collagen and elastin

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16
Q

What is the chondrogenic layer of the perichondrium?

A

inner layer that differentiates into chondroblasts

secretes type II collagen

17
Q

What is elastic cartilage?

A

hyaline cartilage + elastic fibers w/in matrix
surrounded by perichondrium
elastin stains dark purple/black

18
Q

What characterizes fibrocartilage?

A 
combo of hyaline cartilage and dense regular CT
type I and II collagen
less cartilage matrix
NO perichondrium
withstands compression and shearing
19
Q

What does fibrocartilage look like under microscope?

A

less matrix
chondrocytes aligned in rows and isogenous grps
fibers oriented in direction of functional stress

20
Q

What is appositional growth?

A

growth from perichondrium: produce type I collagen
forms new cart on surface of existing cart
growth initiated –> chondroblasts –> secrete type II collagen and ground substance

21
Q

What is interstitial growth?

A

Takes place w/in cartilage mass
chondrocytes divide w/in lacunae –> more isogenous grps
secrete more matrix –> overall size increase
limited by avascular nature

22
Q

What is repair cartilage?

A

forms when perichondrium is involved
matrix = in btw of hyaline and fibrous cartilage
types I and II collagen
can stimulate bone growth/ heal bone

23
Q

How is cartilage repair limited?

A

cartilage is avascular –> repair capacity limited

age dependent

24
Q

What are extrinsic ligaments?

A

separate from joint capsule

25
Q

What are intrinsic ligaments?

A

part of fibrous capsule

26
Q

What characterizes articular cartilage?

A

hyaline cartilage, but NO perichondrium
reduces joint friction
avascular; no nerve supply
nourished by synovial fluid

27
Q

What are the types of synoviocytes?

A

type A macrophage-like

type B fibroblast-like

28
Q

What characterizes type A macrophage-like synovial cells?

A

phagocytic
contain lysosomes = clear debris
25% of cells lining synovium
regulate inflammation

29
Q

What characterizes type B fibroblast-like synovial cells?

A

produce synovial fluid = plasma filtrate
produce hyaluronate
lubricates/nourishes articular cartilage

30
Q

What does hyaluronate do?

A

combines w/ synovial fluid via H2O

31
Q

What are the zones of articular cartilage?

A

superficial
intermediate
deep
calcified

32
Q

What characterizes the superficial zone of articular cartilage?

A

chondrocytes small and flattened parallel to surface
most superficial region = no cells
collagen fibers fun parallel to surface

33
Q

What characterizes the intermediate zone of articular cartilage?

A

chondrocytes slightly larger and round; alone and in iso grps
collagen in oblique course

34
Q

What characterizes the deep zone of articular cartilage?

A

large chondrocytes in radial columns
stacks perpendicular to articulating surface
collagen follow orientation of chondrocyte columns

35
Q

What characterizes the calcified zone of articular cartilage?

A

rests on bone underneath

matrix of this layer stains slightly darker than other layers

MSK-1 (28 decks)

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