The Civil War

Question 1

Why was Lenin’s peace with Germany resented?

Answer 1

The harsh terms he agreed to

Question 2

Why had the left had turned against Bolsheviks?

Answer 2

Kadets and SRs kciekd out of government
Constituent assembly closing
Bolsheviks didn’t include soviets and imposed one-party dictatorship

Question 3

Who were alienated by Bolshevik ideology?

Answer 3

Aristocrats and Bourgeoisie, those with land, money and businesses started to lose what they had

Question 4

Who predominatnly wanted the old tsarist regime?

Answer 4

Army officers - objected peace with Germany

Question 5

Who were the Reds?

Answer 5

the Bolshevik red army - led by Trotsky

Question 6

Who were the Whites?

Answer 6

Various armies and groups of Bolshevik enemies - led by former tsarist officers

Question 6

Who were the Greens?

Answer 6

a largely peassant army fighting for independence.
Mostly in Ukraine - swapped sides depending on who’d help

Question 7

What started the Civil War?

Answer 7

The Czech Legion seizing trans-siberian railway

Question 8

Who made rapid advances in August 1918?

Answer 8

General Denikin - SW and Kolchak - E

Question 9

Who declared himself ‘Supreme Ruler’ of Russia in Nov 1918?

Answer 9

Kolchak - Whites seemed to be successful however Red Counter-attacks prevented them linking up

Question 10

How many miles to Moskow did Denikin’s army get to?

Answer 10

200 miles

Question 11

Who’s army advanced to outskirts of Petrograd with 15,000 men in Oct 1919

Answer 11

Yudenich

Question 12

When was Kolchak captured and shot?

Answer 12

Feb 1920

Question 13

Who retreated to the Crimea in March 1920

Answer 13

Denikin’s army

Question 14

When did the Russo-Polish War begin?

Answer 14

May 1920

Question 15

Who took over after Denikin in the Crimea?

Answer 15

Baron Wrangel - defeated by Green army

Question 16

When was the Treaty of Riga signed?

Answer 16

March 1921

Question 17

What was the Treaty of Riga?

Answer 17

Granted independence to Poland, Estonia, Latvia and other states.

Question 18

How did Trotsky travel around the war fronts?

Answer 18

On a special train, meeting commanders and troops

Question 19

What was in Trotsky’s special train?

Answer 19

Food, equipment and Propaganda - boosting morale

Question 20

How did the Red Army have enough food?

Answer 20

Requisitioning grain from peasants

Question 21

How many former tsarist officers were recruited to train troops?

Answer 21

50,000

Question 22

What did Trotsky insist on in the Red Army?

Answer 22

Strict discipline - units retreating without orders would be have commissars shot

Question 23

What was reintroduced into the army to make it a professional force?

Answer 23

Traditional ranks and practices, no longer elected officers

Question 24

When was the Tsar Murdered?

Answer 24

July 1918

Question 25

Where was the Tsar Murdered?

Answer 25

Yekaterinburg

Question 26

How could Geography be seen as a reason for Red Victory?

Answer 26

Reds commanded cummications, armaments factories
densely populated areas in central russia

Question 27

How were the Reds United?

Answer 27

united in ideological aim - whites fought for independent objectives

Question 28

How was the Leadership of the Red Army better than the whites?

Answer 28

The Red army was well-disciplined under Trotsky,
Whites had few competent and were ill disciplined

Question 29

How was peasant support a positive for the Red Army/

Answer 29

they generally agreed with the Red’s land policies - Whites association with Tsarist regime

Question 30

How did foreign involvement help the Reds?

Answer 30

Didn’t help the Whites that much - propaganda platform for Reds

Question 31

What happened to Government during wartime?

Answer 31

Increased centralisation of government

Question 32

How many party members fought for the army?

Answer 32

500,000

Question 33

How did the Soviet Bureaucracy grow?

Answer 33

more Bureaucrats than workers

Question 34

How did the way in which orders were given change?

Answer 34

quicker from the centre outward

Question 35

What was formed in 1919 that overrode the government?

Answer 35

The Politburo

Question 36

What could be said about eh Bolsheviks mentality?

Answer 36

adopted a seige mentality - defence rather than attack

Question 37

What was officially established at the end of 1922?

Answer 37

USSR - Soviet Union