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RUSSIA > Defeat of the Germans > Flashcards

Defeat of the Germans Flashcards

1
Q

What did the Allies insist on that led the Germans to fight heavily?

A

unconditional surrender

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2
Q

What did Stalin want from the Red Army?

A

to gain as much of Central Europe and Germany as possible - accepting to have huge casualty rates

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3
Q

Who agreed to slow the Allies advance into Germany to allow the USSR to win the ‘race to Berlin’?

A

US General Eisenhower - to reduce Allied casualties and confrontation with USSR

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4
Q

When did Germany surrender unconditionally to the USSR?

A

9 May 1945

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5
Q

What was Hitlers strategy based on?

A

rapid victory - Weakness due to failure

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6
Q

What was a main weakness for German defeat?

A

from Dec 1941 - war on two frontsWh

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7
Q

What did germany lack by 1943?

A

self-sufficiency in raw materials

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8
Q

Why did Hitler make crucial mistakes?

A

replaced experienced generals with ‘yes men’

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9
Q

what increased resistance movements and partisans against the Germans?

A

the Harsh repression against countries

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10
Q

Why was the USSR’s size a strength?

A

German supply lines stretched, whole new armies and industry built beyond reach

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11
Q

Why was population a strength for USSR?

A

3 times the size of Germany’s - USSR could replace losses

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12
Q

What is an important factor in WW2 victory for resources?

A

USSR had Natural resources - oil,
command economy well suited for mobilation

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13
Q

What was the Stavka?

A

High command of the Russian Army

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14
Q

How many people volunteered for citizens defence in 1941 due to propaganda?

A

4 million

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15
Q

How did the Allies contribute to Hitlers weaknesses?

A

attacked - fighting on two fronts
mass bombing campaigns,
secret intelligence + code breaking,
Vital military and economic aid to USSR

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16
Q

What did USSR become as a result of victory?

A

an international superpower, economic potential amid weakened Eurpoean powers

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17
Q

What did USSR victory vindicate?

A

Communism seen to defeat fascism, made socialism more attractiveWh

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18
Q

What was strengthened by the USSR’s victory?

A

The cult of Stalin - seen as USSR’s saviour

19
Q

What was increased by the USSR victory?

A

‘sphere of influence’ - baltic states and Pro-soviet regimes in Eastern European countries

20
Q

How many Soviet citizens were killed?

A

20 million

21
Q

How did Cold War tensions develop?

A

Stalin feared USA’s influence in Europe
disagreements over Germany

22
Q

What did Stalin promise in 1945?

A

the USSR would be the world’s leading industrial power by 1960

23
Q

When was the Five Year Plan worked on and launched?

A

throughout 1945, launched March 1946

24
Q

What is a main focus of the 5th FYP due to idustrial and agricultural devastation?

A

Reconstruction of Ukraine

25
Q

What was half of 1940 levels in 1945?

A

mining production,
electricity,
steel production

26
Q

WHat was an issue with the workforce in 1945?

A

was exhausted and depleted

27
Q

What added significant pressure on industry in 1945?

A

the end of foreign aid

28
Q

What % of expenditure went towards military production by 1952?

A

25% - due to Cold War

29
Q

How did the Targets of the 4FYP work?

A

many plans target met or exceeded
coal, oil, steel, cement and electricity

30
Q

What region had a higher industrial output than before the wawr?

A

Ukraine

31
Q

How was some production of consumer goods improved under 4th FYP?

A

Cotton fabrics, wool and sugar - pre-war figures by 1950
HOWEVER - shoes, clothes and furniture lagged behind

32
Q

How did Soviet incomes increase?

A

back to 1938 in 1948

33
Q

How was reparations help the USSR’s rapid recovery?

A

War reparations transferred masses of material

34
Q

How did Central planning help the USSR’s rapid recovery?

A

able to enforce mass mobilisation

35
Q

How did the Soviet people help the USSR’s rapid recovery?

A

people were proud of the victory - willing to make further sacrifices

36
Q

What is a ‘rebound effect’?

A

enabled rapid rebuilding of essential services

37
Q

How many collective farms had been destroyed by the war?

A

98,000

38
Q

What had been destroyed and depleted by WW2?

A

Farm machinery and livestock numbers

39
Q

What % of food was 1940 compared to 1945?

A

60%

40
Q

What meant a major shortage of farming labour?

A

deaths and injuries from WW2

41
Q

How many people died in 1946-47 due to famine in Ukraine?

A

1.5 million people

42
Q

WHat did Stalin’s writing on the Soviet economy block?

A

reformin agriculture -
payments for farm products low,
taxes increased,
1948 - ban on selling food

43
Q

What was Stalins post-ww2 writings on the Soviet economy called?

A

‘Economic problems of Socialism in the USSR’

RUSSIA (24 decks)

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