Economic developments

Question 1

What was the Great Turn?

Answer 1

a radical change in economic policy - rejected NEP

Question 2

When did the turn begin>

Answer 2

1925 - 14th Party Congress

Question 3

What did the Great turn mark the start of?

Answer 3

Stalinism

Question 4

What were the 4 main reasons for the Great Turn?

Answer 4

slow industrialisation,
Grain procurement crisis 1927-28
Ideological concerns about NEP
Stalins attitude

Question 5

How was slow industrialisation a reason for GT

Answer 5

NEP failing to produce grown expected
weaknesses in management needed addressing

Question 6

What was the Grain Procurement crisis 1927-28

Answer 6

1927-28 % of grain down by 25%
Party officials blamed peasants - grain hoarding

Question 7

What were the Ideological concerns about NEP

Answer 7

Impatient for ‘true communist ideology’
lost control over countryside - had to be regained

Question 8

What was Stalin’s changing attitude towards the NEP

Answer 8

felt secure enough to undo the NEP and push own policies?
saw it wasn’t working and looked for other options?

Question 9

When was the 1FYP launched?

Answer 9

1928

Question 10

How many years behind did Stalin say Russia was compared to the west?

Answer 10

50-100 years

Question 11

What did Stalin want to prepare for?

Answer 11

War with capitalist countries

Question 12

What did Stalin want to Achieve through the FYP?

Answer 12

Socialism in One Country - ROle model for rest of world
Assert own dominance over party

Question 13

Central planning in the 1FYP?

Answer 13

Gosplan - set targets for different sectors
Command economy - centralised approach to economy

Question 14

Rapid Industrial growth in the 1FYP?

Answer 14

production increase 300%?? 1928-1932
Heavy industry prioritised,
Light industry lower priority - still 100% increase

Question 15

What was Heavy industry?

Answer 15

Coal, Iron, steel, oil and machinery

Question 16

New industrial Centres - 1FYP

Answer 16

Thousands of new industrial centres

Magnitogorsk - the Steel city
175,000 by 1932 from nothing

Question 17

What was the 1FYP’s investment in infrastructure?

Answer 17

plan to increase electric supply and Railway

Question 18

Propaganda and discipline with 1FYP?

Answer 18

propaganda campaigns drove the FYP,
boards erected outside every factory showing targets
Threats of harsh punishment for motivation

Question 19

Ideology with the 1FYP?

Answer 19

Socialism could achieve what would seem impossible,
‘There are no fortresses the Bolsheviks cannot capture’ - Stalin 1931

Question 20

How did the 1FYP use foreign experts?

Answer 20

Industrial experts to work on trains,

Question 21

What is an example of Foreign experts used in 1FYP?

Answer 21

Magnitogorsk - Arthur McKee & Co.
American company trained Soviet engineers

Question 22

What were many members pleased to see a commitment to through the FYP?

Answer 22

a radical social change - no more NEP

Question 23

How did Propaganda have a significant impact with the FYP?

Answer 23

Urban workers hoped for better employment prospects and higher living standards

Question 24

Who were led to hope they would benefit from the FYP?

Answer 24

Many poor and ‘Middle peasants’ - further land reform and more modern methods

Question 25

How were some concerned about higher wages under the FYP?

Answer 25

skilled workers had more money - creating a class system?

Question 26

What caused the Grain procurement Crisis 1927-28?

Answer 26

poor harvests, with the low grain price

Question 27

What convinced Stalin that kulaks were responsible for hoarding grain?

Answer 27

the Urals and western Siberia - harvest generally good however grain was down

Question 28

What did Stalin close, replaced by the ‘Urals-Siberian method’

Answer 28

free markets