Ideological debates and issues in leadership struggle Flashcards
When did Lenin introduce the NEP?
1921
What did the left think about the NEP?
wanted to abandon it - state-controlled rapid industrialisation
‘squeesing’ the peasants
What did Stalin think about the NEP
Attitude was inconsistent,
opposed the left and supported NEP
‘Great turn - replacing NEP with indutrialisation and collectivisation
What did the Right think about the NEP?
believed it should continue, peasants becoming richer and state using taxes to fund industrialisation
What had all Marxism-Leninist theories assume it was impossible to do?
survive as a single communist country - capitalism would strangle it at birth
What did Bolsheviks think was essential for survival?
a chain reaction of other revolutions
Where in Europe had revolutions been crushed?
Germany and Hungary
Who believed in ‘Permanent revolution?’
Trotsky and the left
What was the theory behind Permanent Revolution?
Believed the USSR couldn’t survive on its own,
encouraged revolution in other countries
Lenin had made this arguement
Who believed in Socialism in One Country?
Stalin - developed the theory
referenced old Lenin article - show the world the positives behind socialism
What argument did Stalin use to expel Trotsky/
his permanent revolution argument - against Lenin and dismissing potential of USSR
When was Lenin’s funeral?
January 1924
Who was absent at Lenin’s funeral, who took advantage of this?
Trotsky - Stalin organised and styled himself as disciple of Lenin
When was Trotsky’s criticisms rejected at Party Congress
May 1924 - Stalin organised congress with own supporters - Trotsky voted down
Who did Trotsky criticise in October 1924?
Kamenev and Zinoviev - for not backing Lenin in 1917
What was the Duumvirate?
Stalin and Bukharin alliance on the right
Who criticised Stalin at the 14th Party Congress Dec 1925?
Kamenev and Zinoviev - move to the right and supporting NEP
Who was the united opposition?
Kamenev, Zinoviev and Trotsky - Stalin accused of factionalism
Who was expelled from the party in Nov 1927?
Kamenev, Zinoviev and Trotsky
What had begun in late 1927?
Grain procurement crisis - Stalin split from Bukharin - Grain requisitioning again
How was Bukharin expelled from the party?
Nov 1929 - criticised Stalin, Stalins supporters agreed to remove him
Who were Expelled from the party in Nov 1929?
Bukharin, Rykov and Tomsky
What happened to Zinoviev and Kamenev?
rejoined the party in 1928 - lost high positions in Politburo
What happened to Trotsky?
Exiled to Kazakhstan - murdered in Mexico in 1940
What happened to Bukharin, Rykov and Tomsky?
initially allowed to stay in the partyWh
Who was executed after show trials in late 1930s?
Bukharin, kamenev, Zinoviev and Rykov
Tomsky committed suicide before being put on trial
