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RUSSIA > Dictatorship and Stalin > Flashcards

Dictatorship and Stalin Flashcards

1
Q

What permeated the Soviet Union in the 1930s?

A

State terror

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2
Q

What event heightened the machinery of terror?

A

Kirov’s murder in 1934

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3
Q

What happened in 1928?

A

The Shakhty trial - Managers and technicians who questioned pace of industrialisationW

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4
Q

hat happened to the Managers and Technicians of the Shakhty coal mine?

A

5 were executed and others were imprisoned after a show trial - criticised the FYP

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5
Q

When was Trotsky expelled from the USSR?

A

Trotsky - didn’t admit to being wrong

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6
Q

When was the ‘Industrial Party’ trial?

A

1930

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7
Q

What was the ‘Industrial Party’ tiral?

A

group of senior industrialists and economists accused of plotting coup to wreck economy

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8
Q

Who was expelled from the party in 1932?

A

Zinoviev and KamenevWh

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9
Q

Who was imprisoned?

A

Maremyan Ryutin - criticised collectivisation

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10
Q

How did Ryutin criticise Stalin’s collectivisation?

A

through the ‘Ryutin platform’ - Stalin said assassination attempt??
Wanted to execute him - Kirov said no, expelled 14 people from party

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11
Q

How many members did the communist party have in 1933?

A

3.2 million members

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12
Q

How many ‘Ryutinites’ were expelled in the 1933 purge?

A

570,000

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13
Q

How did purges differ under Lenin?

A

generally led to loss of party membership

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14
Q

What took over the OGPU’s functions in 1934?

A

the NKVD

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15
Q

When did Stalins policy come under attack?

A

Seventeenth Party congress (Jan-Feb 1934)

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16
Q

What did some members of the politburo want in early 1934?

A

slower pace of industrialisation and grain requisitioning

17
Q

Which of Stalin’s allies sided with those against him in early 1934?

A

Sergei Kirov - speech received standing ovation

18
Q

What happened to Stalin’s position of General Secretary in 1934?

A

was abolished -
Stalin, Kirov, Zhdanov, Kaganovich - made ‘Secretaries of equal rank’

19
Q

When and why was Kirov shot?

A

1 Dec 1934 - having an affair with persons wifeWho did

20
Q

Who did stalin blame for Kirovs murder?

A

the Trotskyite threat

21
Q

Who was the head of the NKVD?

A

Yagoda

22
Q

How many Party members were shot or arrested - guilty of ‘terrorist planning’?

A

100 shot,
thousands arrested

23
Q

When were Zinoviev, Kamenev and 17 others arrested and accused of causing terrorism?

A

Jan 1935 - 5-10 years imprisonment

24
Q

When was the death penalty extended from those engaged in ‘subversive activity’ to anyone aware that didn’t report it?

A

June 1935

25
Q

How did the NKVD make sure a signed confession was achieved?

A

through sleep deprivation, beatings, starvation and torutre

26
Q

What did the age of punishment decrease to in April 1935?

A

12 years old - same way as adults.
used to threaten to charge defendants children - extract confession

27
Q

When was the first major show trial?

A

16, August 1936

28
Q

Who were charged for Kirov’s murder (and pleaded guilty) in the first major show trial?

A

Kamenev and Zinoviev, along with 14 others

29
Q

Who drafted the Stalin Constitution, and when was it introduced?

A

Bukharin, introduced in 1936

30
Q

What did the Stalin Constitution intend to do?

A

Celebrate triumphs of previous years, and declare socialism has been achieved

31
Q

What did the Constitution proclaim about the USSR?

A

a federation of 11 Soviet Republics, with a supreme soviet that met in the Supreme Soviet,

32
Q

What replaced the Congress of Soviets in 1936?

A

the Supreme Soviet

33
Q

What rights were set for Ethnic groups in the Stalin Constitution?

A

promised autonomy within the Union, with support for culture and language

34
Q

Who were promised elections every 4 years under the Stalin Constitution?

A

everyone over 18 - even ‘former peoples’ (bourgeois elites)

35
Q

What rights were set out in the Stalin Constitution?

A

Freedom from arbitrary arrest,
freedom of press,
freedom of religion,
right to free speech

36
Q

What were citizens guaranteed in the Stalin Constitution?

A

work, the right to education and social welfare

37
Q

What were largely ignored from the Stalin Constitution?

A

the promised rights - republics allowed to leave, but Stalin didn’t let it happen

RUSSIA (24 decks)

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