industrial and social developments in cities Flashcards
What did stalin want to turn the industrail base of the Soviet Union into?
a ‘command economy’
When was the first FYP launched?
1928
When was second FYP launched?
1933
What structure was finished by 1932?
Dnieprostroi Dam
When did the emphasis shift on armaments production?
1936
What was doubled in 1940?
Armament spending
What was the third FYP interrupted by?
German invasion
What did Gosplan organise?
the process of transformation of the industry
What was the main job of Gosplan?
to set output targets for every sector
What could be said about the Gosplan targets?
overly-ambitious - no reliable statistics
Who competed for regions to be given more resources?
Regional party bosses
What was the aim of the first FYP?
Develop heavy industry,
boost electricity,
double light industry
How did the first FYP succeed?
electricity production tripled,
coal and iron doubled,
steel production increased by a third
how did the first FYP fail?
failed extremely ambitious targets,
consumer industry neglected
What was the main aims of the second FYP?
Continue growth of heavy industry,
Boost light industry,
Develop communications and engineering
What new metals were mined for the first time - 2nd FYP
Copper and tinW
What happened to steel output in the 2nd FYP?
it trebled,
What happened to coal production in the 2nd FYP?
Coal production doubled
What was the USSR self-sufficient in by 1937?
metal goods and machine tools
What 2nd FYP failed to meet it’s target?
Oil production failed to meet target
What happened to the quality of goods under the 2nd FYP?
quantity over quality mindset - quality decrease
What did the 3rd FYP introduce?
rapid rearmament and transition to communism,
What was developed under the 3rd FYP?
defence industries - T-34 Tank
What happened to rearmament spending between 1938-1940?
spending doubled
What happened to other areas due to the shift in 3rd FYP focus?
some areas stagnated,
oil - fuel crisis
What was a fundamental problem with the FYP?
any criticism seen as treasonous - no improvement
What was the Dnieprostroi Dam?
a hydroelectric dam over deepest Ukraine river,
one of the largest in the world at that time
How was Dnieprostroi Dam’s output increased 5x?
second year plan - 5 extra generators
When was the Dnieprostroi dam constructed?
1927-2932
When was the Moscow Metro constructed?
1932-1937
What did the Moscow Metro aim to showcase?
the achievements of a socialist state - fit with chandeliers, marble walls and intricate mosaics.
When was the Moscow-Volga canal constructed?
1932-1937
How long was the Moscow-Volga canal?
128km
how many people died building the Moscow-Volga Canal?
22,000 - out of 200,000 prisoners
How many people lived in Magnitogorsk?
150,000
Who build the Komsomolsk shipyard?
Komsomol - Communist Youth Organisation
Who helped design the Moscow Metro?
British specialists from the London underground
Who advised the USSR on its car industry, training soviet engineers?
Henry Ford - designed car-plant at Gorky
How many American engineers were given the ‘Order of the Red Banner of Labour’, what for?
6 American engineers - for their work on Dnieprostroi dame
Who were Stakkhanovites?
workers who exceeded their targets
Who were Stakhanovites named after??
Aleksei Stakhanov - a coal miner who exceeded mining target by loooads,
What did Stakhanovites gain from working harder?
material benefits - mostly propander
When was Stakhanov heroic effort reported to be fake?
1988
What could happen to Managers if they failed their targets?
put on trial, arrested or even executed
What was prevalent in the economic system?
bribery and corruption
When were labor books introduced/
1938 - recorded employment, skills and discipline
What could result in dismissal, eviction or loos of benefits?
Abenteeism or lateness - became a crime in 1940
What acts were illegal for a worker?
striking, damaging machinery, or leaving work without permission
What was introduced in 1931 that benefitted those who worked harder?
wage differentials.
What % of the workforcec was female by 1940?
43% - state provided school, nursuries and clinics allowed women to work
However, what % of wages did women earn compared to men in 1940?
40%
