The brain Flashcards

1
Q

What is each fold of the brain called?

A

Gyrus

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2
Q

This is the groove of the brain called?

A

Sulcus

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3
Q

What artery does the lateral fissure contain?

A

Middle cerebral artery

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4
Q

What artery does the longitudinal fissure contain?

A

Anterior cerebral arteries

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5
Q

What connects the cerebral hemispheres?

A

White matter tract

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6
Q

Where is the Association tracts?

A

Between gyri of the same hemisphere

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7
Q

Where is the Commisural tracts/fibres?

A

From one hemisphere to the corresponding region of the other

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8
Q

Where is the Projection fibres?

A

From cerebrum to thalamus, brainstem etc

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9
Q

What is the main action of the Basal Ganglia?

A

Regulate initiation and termination of body movements. Thought to be involved in memory, planning and emotional response

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10
Q

Where is the Substansia nigra?

A

Midbrain

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11
Q

What does the Substansia nigra communicate with?

A

The caudate and putamen

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12
Q

What does the Sub-thalamic nuclei communicate with?

A

The globus palladus

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13
Q

Where are the connections of the thalamus?

A

Hypothalamus and limbic system

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14
Q

What are the connections in the hypothalamus?

A

Pituitary gland

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15
Q

What are the three parts of the Diencephalon?

A

Thalamus, hypothalamus and pineal gland

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16
Q

What does the midbrain connect?

A

The pons and medulla to diencephalon

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17
Q

What is the function of the superior colliculi?

A

Visual, tracking and scanning

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18
Q

What is the inferior colliculi responsible for?

A

Auditory startle reflex

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19
Q

What is the Substansia nigra responsible for?

A

Control subconscious muscle action

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20
Q

What is the red nuclei responsible for?

A

Co-ordinate muscle movement

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21
Q

What is the pontine nuclei responsible for?

A

Co-ordination and maximising voluntary motor output

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22
Q

What tracts help control breathing?

A

Pneumotaxic

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23
Q

What is the origin of cranial nerves and vestibular nerves?

24
Q

What does the medulla contain?

A

The pyramids, cardiovascular centres, breathing centres, nuclei concerned with tough, pressure and vibration.

25
What are the olives?
Proprioception
26
What is the origin of the cranial nerves and cochlear part of VIII?
Medulla
27
Where is the Vermis?
Between lobes
28
What is the cerebellum responsible for?
Controls sub0conscious aspects of skeletal muscle meovements and co-ordinates complex sequences. regulate posture and balance
29
Where is the superior cerebellar peduncle?
Midbrain to cerebellum
30
Where is the Middle cerebellar peduncle?
Pons to cerebellum
31
Where is the inferior cerebellar peduncle?
Medulla to cerebellum
32
What releases growth hormone?
Pituitary gland
33
What releases FSH and LH hormones?
Pituitary gland
34
Where does the vertebral arteries come from?
Subclavian
35
What is the pia mater?
The innermost layer, sticks to surface of neural tissue
36
What is the arachnoid mater?
Middle layer, fine connective tissue
37
What is the dura mater?
Outermost layer, tough connective tissue sheath
38
Where does the sub-arachnoid space lie between?
Pia and arachnoid
39
What does the subarachnoid contain?
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
40
What does the dura line?
Skull
41
What is the function of the dura?
Protects the brain and forms the dural venous sinuses.
42
What does the arachnoid cover?
The surface of the brain and carries blood vessels
43
What does the pis adhere to?
The surface of the brain - going into the sulci and around the gyri
44
What drains blood from the brain and channel it into the internal jugular vein?
Dural venous sinuses
45
Where is each sinus formed between?
The periosteum of the skull and the dura or between two layers of dura
46
How many ventricles are there?
4
47
What are the ventricles called?
Cerebral aqueduct, Lateral ventricle, 3rd ventricle and 4th ventricle
48
Where does the cerebral aqueduct run through?
The midbrain to connect the 3rd and 4th ventricles
49
Which ventricle has one in each hemisphere?
Lateral ventricle
50
What ventricle connects to the sub-arachnoid space via the lateral and median apertures?
4th Ventricle
51
What ventricle is connected to the central canal of the spinal cord?
4th ventricle
52
What ventricle is inside the thalamus?
3rd Ventricle
53
What ventricle is connected to ht lateral ventricles by inter ventricular foramina of Monro?
3rd ventricle
54
What does CSF provide?
Mechanical and physical protection to the brain and spinal cord
55
What does the CSF circulate through?
The ventricles and into the sub-arachnoid space
56
What is constanty recycled by loss through arachnoid vili (granulations) into the dural venous sinuses?
CSF