Gluteal Region and Hip Joint Flashcards
What are the important angles in the femur?
Angle of inclination and angle of ante version (torsion)
What are the lateral rotators of the hip?
Gluteus Maximus, Piriformis, Obturator Internus, Gemelli and Quadratus femoris
What are the Medial rotators and abductors of the hip?
Gluteus Medius and Gluteus Minimus
What is the support muscle of the gluteal region?
Tensor fasciae latae
What is the proximal attachment of the Gluteus Maximus?
Sacrum, S/T ligament and ilium behind posterior gluteal line
What is the distal attachment of the Gluteus Maximus?
Iliotibial tract (3/4) and gluteal tuberosity of femur (1/4)
What is the function of gluteus maximus?
Extends hip and assures lateral rotation
What innervates the Gluteus Maximus?
Inferior Gluteal nerve (L5, S1 and S2)
What is the proximal attachment of the Tensor Fascia Latae?
Anterior iliac crest and ASIS
What is the distal attachment of the Tensor Fascia Latae?
Iliotibial tract
What is the function of the Tensor Fascia Latae?
Supports femur on tibia during standing
What innervates the Tensor Fasciae Latae?
Superior Gluteal nerve (L4, L5 and S1)
What is the proximal attachment of the Gluteus Medius?
Ilium between posterior and anterior gluteal lines
What is the distal attachment of the Gluteus Medius?
Greater trochanter of femur (lateral surface)
What is the function of the Gluteus Medius?
Abducts and medially rotates hip
What innervates the Gluteus Medius?
Superior gluteal nerve (L4, L5 and S1)
What is the proximal attachment of the Gluteus Minimus?
Ilium between anterior and inferior gluteal lines
What is the distal attachment of the Gluteus Minimus?
Greater trochanter of femur (anterior surface)
What is the function of the Gluteus Minimus?
Abducts and medially rotates hip
What innervates the Gluteus Minimus?
Superior gluteal nerve (L4, L5 and S1)
What is the proximal attachment of the Piriformis?
Anterior sacrum and S/T ligament
What is the distal attachment of the Piriformis?
Greater trochanter of femur (superior borer) passes through greater sciatic foramen
What is the function of the piriformis?
Laterally rotates hip
What innervates Piriformis?
Anterior rami of S1 and S2
What is the proximal attachment of the Obturator Internus?
Pelvic surface of Obturator membrane and surrounding bones
What is the distal attachment of the Obturator Internus?
Medial side of Greater trochanter (trochanteric fossa) passes through lesser sciatic foramen
What is the function of the Obturator Internus?
Laterally rotates hip
What innervates Obturator Internus?
Nerve to Obturator Internus (L5 and S1)
What is the proximal attachment of the Superior Gemelli?
Ischial spine
What is the proximal attachment of the Inferior Gemelli?
Ischial tuberosity
What is the distal attachment of the Gemelli?
Bled with tendon of Obturator Internus
What is the function of Gemelli?
Laterally rotate hip
What innervates the superior Gemelli?
Nerve to Obturator intenus
What innervates the inferior Gemelli?
Nerve to quadrates femoris
What is the proximal attachment of the Quadratus Femoris?
Ischial tuberosity
What is the distal attachment of the Quadratus Femoris?
Quadrate tubercle on intertrochanteric crest of femur
What is the function of Quadratus Femoris?
Laterlly rotates hip
What innervates the Quadratus Femoris?
Nerve to quadrates femoris (L5 and S1)
What is the proximal attachment of the Obturator Externus?
Outer surface of obturator membrane
What is the distal attachment of the Obturator Externus?
Trochanteric fossa
What is the function of the Obturator Externus?
Laterally rotates hip
What innervates the Obturator Externus?
Obturator nerve (L3 and L4)
What are the 2 divisions of the Sciatic nerve?
Tibial and common perineal nerves
What are the roots of the Sciatic nerve?
L4 - S3
Where does the Tibial nerve leave?
Below piriformis
Where does the Common Perineal nerve leave?
Below, above or through piriformis
Where does the posterior cutaneous nerve of thigh lie?
Posterior aspect of sciatic nerve (S1-S3)
Where does the inferior clunial nerve go to?
Skin of inferior half of buttock
Root of Superior Clunial nerve?
Posterior rami (L1 - L3)
Root of middle Clunial nerve?
Posterior rami (S1 - S3)
What is the proximal attachment of the iliofemoral ligament?
AIIS
What is the distal attachment of the Iliofemoral ligament?
Intertrochanteric line
What kind of bands does the iliofemoral ligament have?
Upper and lower bands
What are the limits of the iliofemoral ligament?
Extension, Lateral rotation, Adduction (upper) and Abduction (lower)
What is the proximal attachment of the Pubofemoral ligament?
Iliopubic eminence
What is the distal attachment of the Pubofemoral ligament?
Lower part of intertrochanteric line
What are the limits of the Pubofemoral ligament?
Extension, Lateral rotation and Abduction
What is the proximal attachment of the Ischiofemoral ligament?
Posterior aspect of acetabulum
What is the distal attachment of the Ischiofemoral ligament?
Greater trochanter
What are the limits of the Ischiofemoral ligament?
Extension, Medial rotation and Adduction
