Parotid Gland and Temporal Region Flashcards
What extends as stylomandibular ligament?
CT capsule and dense fibrous capsule
Where does the Stylomandibular ligament intervene between?
Parotid and Submandibular salivary gland
What may also be accessory tissue?
Parotid gland
Describe the Parotid duct?
Oblique passage and palpable if tense masseter
What is the passage of the parotid duct?
Sharp, medial turn to pierce buccal fat pad and buccinator to enter oral cavity at upper second molar
What does ECA form?
Superficial temporal and maxillary arteries
What is the retromandibular vein?
Union of superficial and temporal and maxillary veins
What is the parotid gland?
Salivary gland that secrets serous acini only
What does the facial gland divide?
Parotid gland into deep and superficial parts
Where is the parasympathetic secertomotor supply come from?
Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)
Where is the postganglionic sympathetic fibres come from?
Plexus around ECA
How many muscles of mastication is there?
4
What are the muscles of mastication?
Temporalis,
Masseter,
Medial pterygoid and lateral pterygoid
What innervates the muscles of mastication?
Mandibular division of trigeminal (CN VIII)
What are the movements of the mandible?
Elevation, Depression, Protrusion, Retrusion and lateral sliding
How is depression caused?
By gravity or against force using supra-hyoid muscles
What covers the temporalis?
Temporal fascia
Where does the temporal fossa and fascia attach to?
Coronoid process and anterior border of the ramus of the mandible
What elevates the mandible?
Anterior and superior fibres of temporalis
What retracts the mandible?
Posterior fibres fo temporalis
What innervates the temporlais?
Deep temporal nerves from anterior division of mandibular division of trigeminal nerve (CN VIII)
Where does the masseter attach to?
Zygomatic arch to the lateral aspect of the ramus of the mandible
Function of Masseter?
Elevate the mandible
What innervates the Masseter?
Masseteric nerve from anterior division of CN VIII
What is the proximal attachment of the lateral pterygoid?
Upper head: Infratemporal surface of greater wing of sphenoid
Lower head: Lateral surface of the lateral pterygoid plate
What is the distal attachment of the Lateral Pterygoid?
Inserts into neck of mandible and articular disc
What is the functions of the lateral pterygoid?
Pulls neck of mandible forwards with articular disc (protrusion = both)
Helps in lateral chewing movements with medial pterygoid (one side)
What innervates the Lateral Pterygoid?
Nerve to lateral pterygoid of anterior division of CN VIII
What are the proximal attachments of the Medial Pterygoid?
Superficial head: Tubercle of maxilla
Deep head: Medial surface of the lateral pterygoid plate
What is the distal attachment of the Medial pterygoid?
Medial surface of the angle of mandible
What is the function of the Medial Pterygoid?
Assits in elevation
What is the innervation of medial pterygoid?
Nerve to medial pterygoid from the main trunk of the mandibular division of CN VIII
Describe the movement of elevation of the mandible.
Head of mandible and disc move backward and head rotates on lower surface of disc - temporalis, Masseter and medial pterygoid
Describe the movement of Depression of the mandible.
Head of mandible rotates on undersurface of articular disc and mandible is pulled forward - lateral pterygoid, digastric, geniohyoid, mylohyois and gravity
Describe the movement of protrusion of the mandible.
Articular disc and head of mandible move forward. Movement in upper part of cavity - lateral pterygoid (medial pterygoid assists)
Describe the movement of Retrusion of the mandible.
Articular disc and head of mandible pulled backward into mandibular fossa - posterior fibres of temporalis
Describe the movement of lateral chewing of the mandible.
Protrusion and retrusion combined - pterygoids
Where does part of CN VIII nerve to medial pterygoid pass through?
Otic ganglion
Does the CN VIII have a synapse?
No
What does the CN VIII pass to?
Tensor veli palantini and tensor tympani
What does the Auriculotemporal nerve carry?
Postganglionic parasympathetic fibres for otic ganglion to parotid
Where do fibres of the Auriculotemporal nerve originate?
IN CN IX glossopharyngeal
What is the lingual nerve joined by?
Chorda tympani
What carry parasympathetic fibres from the facial nerve to the submandibular and sublingual glands?
Chorda tympani
Where does the taste fibres come from?
Anterior two thirds of the tongue
What is ECA?
External carotid artery
Where does the ECA end?
In terminal branches - maxillary and superficial temporal behind neck of mandible
What are the posterior branches of ECA?
Occipital, posterior auricular and ascending pharyngeal
What crossed occipital artery?
Hypoglossal nerve
What is the passage of the occipital artery?
Passes under posterior belly of digastric to enter the posterior triangle. Back of scalpl
What is the level of posterior auricular?
Level of upper border of belly of digastric
Where does the ascending pharyngeal ascend between?
Internal carotid and pharynx
What are the anterior branched of ECA?
Superior thyroid, Lingual and facial
What runs with external laryngeal nerve?
Superior thyroid
What does the superior thyroid branch to?
SCM and superior laryngeal artery
What is the passage of the lingual artery?
Opposite tip greater cornu of hyoid bone, passes deep to hyoglossus, crossed bu the hypoglossal nerve. Oral cavity
What is the passage of the facia artery?
Above tip of greater cornu, passes deep to posterior belly of digastric. Superior and inferior labial branched and angular artery to face.
What are the terminal branches of ECA?
Superficial temporal and maxillary
Where does the superficial temporal branch ascend?
In front of the auricle
What does the superficial temporal branch divide into?
Anterior and posterior branched which supply the skin over the frontal and temporal regions
Where does the maxillary branch arise?
Behind the neck of mandible, branched to muscles of mastication, tympanic membrane, upper and lower teeth, palate, nasal cavity, nasioharynx and meninges
