Knee Joint Flashcards
What is anterior and superior parts of the knee joint?
Quadriceps tendon and patellar tendon
What are the three separate articulations?
Femoropatellar and two femorotibial
What does not articulate with the knee joint?
Fibula
What are the capsule attachments anteriorly?
Fuses with quadriceps tendon, patella and ligamentum patellae
What are the capsule attachments posteriorly?
Encloses intercondylar fossa of femur; open posterior to lateral condyle of tibia for popliteus muscle
What covers the inner surface of the fat pads on either side of the patellar ligament?
Medial and lateral alar folds
What are synovial attachments?
Alar folds and Infrapatellar synovial fold
What are in communication with the synovial cavity of the knee joint?
Suprapatellar, Gastrocnemius, Semimembranosus and popliteus
What are the extracapsular ligaments?
Oblique Popliteal, Arcuate Popliteal and Medial & Lateral collateral
What are the intracapsular ligaments?
Anterior and posterior cruciate
What is the oblique popliteal ligament?
Expansion of Semimembranosus tendon which reinforces posterior capsule
What is the arcuate ligament?
Thickening of capsule over popliteus
What is the function of the arcuate ligament?
Strengthens posterolateral joint capsule
What is the medial collateral ligament?
Strong, flat thickening of capsule
What is the proximal attachment of the medial collateral ligament?
Medial epicondyle of femur
What is the distal attachment of the medial collateral ligament?
Medial condyle and superior medial surface of tibia
What do the deep fibres of the medial collateral ligament attach to?
Medial meniscus
What is the lateral collateral ligament like?
Strong and cord like
What is the proximal attachment of the lateral collateral ligament?
Lateral epicondyle of femur
What is the distal attachment of the lateral collateral ligament?
Lateral head of fibula
The tendon of biceps femoris is split into?
Two
What are taut in every joint position?
Cruciate ligaments
What do the cruciate ligaments do?
Maintain contact between femoral and tibial articular surfaces when knee is flexed
When do the cruciate ligaments wind around each other?
During medial rotation of the tibia limited to 10 degrees
What is the function of the posterior cruciate ligament?
Prevents the femur from sliding anteriorly on the tibia, particularly when the knee is flexed
What is the function of the anterior cruciate ligament?
Prevents the femur from sliding posteriorly on the tibia, preventing hypertension of the knee, and limits medial rotation of the femur when the foot is planted
What is the proximal attachment of the anterior cruciate ligament?
Anterior intercondylar area of tibia
What is the distal attachment of the anterior cruciate ligament?
Medial side of lateral condyle of femur
What degrees does the anterior cruciate ligament spiral through?
110 degrees between tibia and femur
What does the anteriomedial band do in the anterior cruciate ligament?
Limits flexion
What does the posterolateral band do in the anterior cruciate ligament?
Limits extension
What is the proximal attachment of the posterior cruciate ligament?
Posterior intercondylar area of tibia
What is the distal attachment of the posterior cruciate ligament?
Lateral side of medial condyle of femur
Where is the posterior cruciate ligament aligned?
Close to centre of rotation the knee
What does the anterolateral band do in the posterior cruciate ligament?
Limits flexion
What does the posteromedial band do in the posterior cruciate ligament?
Limits extension
What are menisci?
Wedges of fibrocartilage
What is the function of menisci?
Shock absorption
Describe medial meniscus
C-shaped, broad posteriorly and firmly attached to TCL
Describe lateral meniscus
Circular, Freely movable and attachment of popliteus
