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Anatomy 2 > Posterior Leg and Ankle Joint > Flashcards

Posterior Leg and Ankle Joint Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 important features on the tibia?

A

Popliteal area, solar line and Medial Malleolus

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2
Q

What are the 4 parts of the Fibula?

A

Apex, Head, neck and Lateral Malleolus

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3
Q

How many muscles are in the posterior compartment?

A

7 - 3 superficial and 4 deep

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4
Q

Where do all the superficial muscles insert on?

A

Posterior surface of calcareous via tendocalcaneous

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5
Q

Where do the tendons of the deep muscles pass?

A

Pass behind medial malleolus to plantar surface of foot (except popliteus)

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6
Q

What are the 3 superficial muscles?

A

Gastrocnemius, Plantaris and Soleus

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7
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the medial head of Gastrocnemius?

A

Popliteal surface of femur superior to medial condyle

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8
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the lateral head of Gastrocnemius?

A

Lateral aspect of lateral condyle of femur

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9
Q

What innervates Gastrocnemius?

A

Tibial nerve (S1 and S2)

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10
Q

What is the action of Gastrocnemius?

A

Plantarflexes ankle and flexes the knee

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11
Q

What is the proximal attachment of Plantaris?

A

Lateral supracondylar line of femur (proximal to lateral head of Gastrocnemius)

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12
Q

What innervates the Plantaris?

A

Tibial nerve (S1 and S2)

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13
Q

What is the action of Plantaris?

A

Assists plantarflexion of ankle

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14
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the Soleus?

A

Soleal line of Tibia, Upper 1/3rd posterior fibula and Tendinous arch between bony attachments

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15
Q

What innervates the Soleus?

A

Tibial nerve (S1 and S2)

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16
Q

What is the action of the Soleus?

A

Plantarflexes ankle joint

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17
Q

What are the 4 deep muscles?

A

Popliteus, Flexor Digitorum Longus, Flexor Hallucis Longus and Tibialis Posterior

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18
Q

What is the proximal attachment of Popliteus?

A

Lateral condyle of femur and lateral meniscus

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19
Q

What is the distal attachment of the Popliteus?

A

Popliteal area of tibia above solar line

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20
Q

What innervates Popliteus?

A

Tibial nerve (L4, L5 and S1)

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21
Q

What is the action of Popliteus?

A

Unlocks the knee joint by laterally rotating femur on fixed tibia

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22
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the Flexor Digitorum Longus?

A

Posterior surface of tibia

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23
Q

What is the distal attachment of the Flexor Digitorum Longus?

A

Base of distal phalanx of digits 2-5

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24
Q

What innervates the Flexor Digitorum Longus?

A

Tibial nerve (L5, S1 and S2)

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25
Q

What is the action of the Flexor Digitorum Longus?

A

Flexes lateral 4 digits and weak plazntarflexor of ankle

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26
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the tibialis posterior?

A

Posterior surface of tibia and fibula and interosseous membrane

27
Q

What is the distal attachment of the Tibialis Posterior?

A

Tuberosity of Navicular, Cuneiforms, Cuboid, Sustentaculum tale of Calcaneus, base of 2nd, 3rd and 4th metatarsals

28
Q

What innervates the Tibialis posterior?

A

Tibial nerve (L4 and L5)

29
Q

What is the action of the Tibialis posterior?

A

Plantarflexed ankle and inverts foot

30
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the Flexor Hallucis Longus?

A

Posterior Surface of Fibula

31
Q

What is the distal attachment of the Flexor Hallucis Longus?

A

Base of distal phalanx of hallux

32
Q

What innervates the Flexor Hallucis Longus?

A

Tibial nerve (L5, S1 and S2)

33
Q

What is the action of the Flexor Hallucis Longus?

A

Flexes Hallux and weak plazntarflexor of ankle

34
Q

Where does the Tibialis posterior tendon pass?

A

Passes deep to Flexor Digitorum Longus

35
Q

Where is the groove of the tibiali posterior tendon?

A

Posterior to the medial malleolus

36
Q

Where is the groove for the Flexor Hallucis Longus?

A

Posterior surface of the lower end of the tibia, the posterior surface of the talus

37
Q

What is the medial to lateral arrangement of tendons at the ankle joint?

A

Tibialis Posterior, Flexor Digitorum Longus and Flexor Hallucis Longus

38
Q

What forms the tendon retinaculum?

A

Medial malleolus and calcaneous

39
Q

Where are the posterior tibial vessels and tibial nerve found?

A

Between FDL and FHL tendons

40
Q

What is the terminal branch of the posterior tibial artery?

A

Popliteal artery

41
Q

Where does the posterior tibial artery run?

A

Between heads of gastrocnemius and deep t solos to run on surface of tibialis posterior and flexor digitorum longus

42
Q

What is a branch of the posterior tibial artery?

A

Fibular artery

43
Q

Where does the posterior tibial artery terminate?

A

Medial and Lateral plantar arteries in foot

44
Q

Where does the fibular artery run?

A

Medial to fibula usually within FHL

45
Q

What are the nerves of the leg?

A

Tibial nerve, Common fibular nerve, Lateral and medial plantar nerve

46
Q

Where does the tibial nerve pass?

A

Between the heads of gastrocnemius and deep to tendinous arch of soles, with posterior tibial artery

47
Q

What muscles are on either side of the Tibial nerve?

A

FHL and FDL at the ankle joint

48
Q

What are the terminal branches of the tibial nerve?

A

Medial and Lateral plantar nerves

49
Q

What are the cutaneous innervation?

A

Posterior cutaneous nerve, Saphenous nerve, Lateral and medial cutaneous rural nerve

50
Q

What movement does the inferior tibiofibular joint give?

A

Slight movement to accommodate wedging of trochlea of talus during dorsiflexion

51
Q

What forms the Malleolar mortise?

A

Distal ends of tibia and fibula

52
Q

What does Malleolar mortise articulate with?

A

Trochlea of the talus

53
Q

What angle is dorsiflexion?

A

20-30 degrees

54
Q

What angle is plantarflexion?

A

30-50 degrees

55
Q

What does the capsule of the ankle joint attach to?

A

Attaches around articular margins and anteriorly extends onto neck of talus

56
Q

Where is the capsule weak?

A

Anteriorly and posteriorly

57
Q

What supports the capsule?

A

Lateral and medial collateral ligaments

58
Q

What are the three collateral ligaments?

A

Anterior Talofibular, Posterior Talofibular and Calcaneofibular

59
Q

Where does the Anterior Talofibular attach to?

A

Neck of talus

60
Q

Where does the posterior Talofibular attach to?

A

Lateral tubercle of talus

61
Q

Where does Calcaneofibular attach to?

A

Lateral surface of Calcaneous

62
Q

What are the 4 parts of the medial collateral ligament?

A

Anterior Tibiotalar, Tibionavicular, Tibiocalcaneal and Posterior Tibiotalar

63
Q

Where does the medial collateral ligament fan out from?

A

Medial Malleolus

Anatomy 2 (26 decks)

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