Pharynx and Pre-vertebral Region Flashcards
Where does the oesophagus join the pharynx?
C6
Describe the pharynx
Upper end funnel shaped at base of skull
Where is the mucous membrane ?
Nasal, mouth, larynx and tympanic cavity
What type of epithelium is within the pharynx?
Ciliated columnar epithelium superiorly to stratified squamous inferiorly
Where is the fibrous layer in the pharynx?
Under the epithelium
Where is the fibrous layer connected to?
Base of skull and into sub mucous coat of oesophagus
Where is the muscular layer of the pharynx?
Under fibrous layer
What type of muscles are within the muscular layer?
Circular constrictor and longitudinal muscles
Where is the nasopharynx?
Behind nasal cavities, above soft palate
What makes up the roof of the nasopharynx?
Sphenoid, occipital and pharyngeal tonsil
What makes up the floor of the nasopharynx?
Soft palate - pharyngeal isthmus
What makes up the anterior border of the nasopharynx?
Nasal passages
What makes up the posterior border of the nasopharynx?
Roof and C1 level
What makes up the lateral border of the nasopharynx?
Auditory/Eustacian tube, salpinngopharyngeal fold
Where is the oropharynx?
From soft palate to upper border of epiglottis
What makes up the roof of the oropharynx?
Soft palate
What makes up the floor of the oropharynx?
Post third tongue, lingual tonsil, glossoepiglottic folds
What makes up the anterior border of the oropharynx?
Mouth
What makes up the posterior border of the oropharynx?
C2/3 level
What makes up the lateral border of the oropharynx?
Palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal folds with palatine tonsil
Where is the Laryngopharynx?
Behind larynx and laryngeal opening
What is the anterior border of the laryngopharynx?
Larynx
What is the posterior border of the Laryngopharynx?
C3-6
What is the lateral border of the laryngopharynx?
Supported by thyroid cartilage, aryepiglottic fold and thyrohyoid membrane
What is the lower part of the superior constrictor?
Medial pterygoid plate, hamulus, pterygomandibular ligament, mandible, side of tongue
Where does the superior constrictor attach?
To pharyngeal tubercle of occipital bone, fibrous raphe and middle constrictor
What closes off nasopharynx?
Upper fibres pull posterior pharyngeal wall anteriorly
What propels food to middle constrictor?
Superior Constrictor
What innervates the superior constrictor?
Pharyngeal plexus
Where is the middle constrictor?
Lower part stylohyoid ligament to greater and lesser cornea of the hyoid bone
Where does the middle constrictor attach to?
Raphe but also blend wth superior and inferior constrictor
What propels food towards inferior constrictor?
Middle constrictor
Where is the proximal attachment of the inferior constrictor?
Lamina of thyroid cartilage and cricoid cartilage
Where is the distal attachment of the inferior constrictor?
Raphe and blend with middle constrictor and oesophagus
What propels food to oesophagus?
Inferior constrictor
What are the longitudinal muscles?
Stylopharyngeus, Salpingopharyngeus and Palatopharyngeus
Describe Stylopharyngeus?
Base of styloid process of temporal bone to posterior border of thyroid cartilage
Across internal carotid artery and passes between superior and middle constrictors
Elevates larynx and pharynx during swallowing
Innervated by Glossopharyngeal nerve
Describe the Salpingopharyngeus?
Cartilage of auditory tube to blend with palatopharyngeus
Elevates pharynx
Innervated by pharyngeal plexus
Describe the Palatopharyngeus
Hard palate and palatine aponeurosis to lamina of thyroid cartilage
Elevates pharynx
Innervated by Pharyngeal plexus
Where are the pharyngeal branches from?
The maxillary artery
Where is the ascending pharyngeal artery from?
Medial surface of external carotid
What are the pre-vertebral muscles?
Longus colli, Longus capties, Rectus capties anterior and Rectus wapitis lateralis
Where do other pre-vertebral structures lie between?
The muscle sheath covering longs colli and longs capitis (pre vertebral fascia) and the carotid sheath
What are the attachments of the longus capitis?
Transverse processes of cervical vertebrae anterior tubercles C3-6 to base of occipital bone
What is the function of longus capitis?
Flexion of head
What innervates the Longus Capitis?
Ventral rami cervical spinal nerves C1-3
Where is the longus colli?
From atlas to T3
What parts are within the Longus Colli?
Inferior oblique, superior oblique and vertical parts
Describe the inferior oblique of the Longus Colli
T2/3 to anterior tubercle of cervical transverse process C5-6
Describe the superior oblique of the Longus Colli
Anterior tubercle C3-5 to atlantsal naterior tubercle
What is the vertical part of the Longus Colli?
Anterior aspect T1-3 to C4-6
What is the function of the Longus Colli?
Flexion of neck
What gives rotation to opposite side via inferior oblique?
Longus Colli
What innervates the Longus Colli?
Ventral rami cervical spinal nerves C2-6
